Humans Laparoscopy/*statistics & numerical data Male Margins of Excision Operative Time Prostate/surgery Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood Prostatectomy/*statistics & numerical data Prostatic Hyperplasia Prostatic Neoplasms/blood Robotic Surgical Procedures/*statistics & numerical data Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder *laparoscopy *prostatectomy *prostatic neoplasms *robotic surgical procedures *urinary bladder neck obstruction

Embolization Therapeutic Humans Male Prostate/*blood supply/pathology Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis/*therapy Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Meta-analysis Prostatic artery embolization Transurethral resection of the prostate PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Humans Laser Therapy Male Prostate/radiation effects Prostatic Hyperplasia *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Transurethral Resection of Prostate Volatilization Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) Meta-analysis Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Combined Modality Therapy *Cystectomy Disease-Free Survival Humans Muscles/*pathology Neoplasm Invasiveness Publication Bias Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology/*therapy

Humans Neoplasm Grading Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*pathology Neoplasm Staging Neoplasm Residual *Reoperation Risk Factors Survival Rate Urinary Bladder/pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology/*surgery Bladder Cancer Detrusor Muscle Progression Re-resection Recurrence Upstaging

Biomarkers Tumor/*genetics Epigenesis Genetic/*genetics Humans Methylation Mycobacterium bovis/*genetics Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology/surgery