Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects Bayes Theorem *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/drug therapy/surgery Humans Network Meta-Analysis *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery Ici Pd-1 Pd-l1 adjuvant therapy chemotherapy urothelial carcinoma

Antibodies Monoclonal/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antibodies Monoclonal Humanized/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antineoplastic Agents Immunological/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors Clinical Trials Phase III as Topic Humans Network Meta-Analysis Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/*antagonists & inhibitors Salvage Therapy/*methods Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*secondary PD-1 inhibitor PDL-1 inhibitor atezolizumab pembrolizumab urothelial bladder cancer

Bladder cancer Pd-1 Pd-l1 atezolizumab avelumab biomarkers durvalumab immunotherapy nivolumab pembrolizumab Urogen licenses/patents: University of Colorado research support: Medivation/Astellas stockholder in: Aurora Oncology PrecisionProfile other: IOS Press (editorial responsibilities compensated).The other authors report no conflicts of interest.