Clinical Decision-Making Cystectomy/*methods Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures/methods Humans *Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology/therapy Practice Guidelines as Topic Treatment Outcome *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/surgery Bladder cancer Lymph node dissection Lymph node metastasis Metastasectomy Metastatic bladder cancer Surgery interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg employment/affiliation grants or funding consultancies honoraria stock ownership or options expert testimony royalties or patents filed received or pending) are the following: None.

Aged Catheterization Chemotherapy Adjuvant Feasibility Studies Female Humans *Laser Therapy Length of Stay Male Middle Aged Operative Time Postoperative Complications/etiology Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery Bladder tumor Laser enucleation of bladder tumor Meta-analysis Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 Humans Lymph Nodes/*diagnostic imaging/pathology Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnosis/*diagnostic imaging/pathology Neoplasm Staging/methods Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/*methods ROC Curve Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery Bladder cancer F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose Lymph node Positron emission tomography/computed tomography Staging

Area Under Curve Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Case-Control Studies Humans Odds Ratio RNA Long Noncoding/*urine Sensitivity and Specificity Software Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/ethnology/genetics/urine Uca1 biomarker bladder cancer noninvasive diagnosis urinary marker

Case-Control Studies Catechol O-Methyltransferase/*genetics Genetic Association Studies Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Humans Kidney Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics Male Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics Risk Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic Cystectomy/*methods Female Humans Male *Quality of Life Reproducibility of Results Surveys and Questionnaires Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/psychology/*surgery Urinary Diversion/methods/*psychology *Urinary Reservoirs Continent Health related quality of life Ileal conduit Meta-analysis Orthotopic neobladder Radical cystectomy Urinary diversion

Humans *Hyperthermia Induced Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*therapy Bladder cancer chemohyperthermia radiohyperthermia regional hyperthermia therapy urothelial carcinoma

Adult *Amino Acid Substitution Case-Control Studies DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics Female Gene Expression *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Risk Factors Smoking/physiopathology Tobacco Use/physiopathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology

Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Iran/epidemiology Opium/*adverse effects Risk Factors Smoking/adverse effects Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology/physiopathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemically induced/*epidemiology/physiopathology

Humans Odds Ratio Pesticides/*adverse effects Risk Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*chemically induced/epidemiology bladder cancer epidemiology meta-analysis pesticide exposure

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Female *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 Humans Lymphatic Metastasis Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography *Radiopharmaceuticals Reproducibility of Results Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*pathology Bladder cancer Lymph nodes Positron emission tomography Preoperative staging Urinary bladder neoplasms