Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors Carcinoma/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Clinical Decision-Making Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Patient Selection Progression-Free Survival Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Urothelium/*drug effects/immunology/pathology Immune-checkpoint inhibitor Meta-analysis Programmed death-ligand 1 Urothelial carcinoma interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors certify that all conflicts of interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the article are listed as follows: Shahrokh Shariat owns or co-owns the following patents: methods to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer. Granted 2002-09-06. Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer. Granted 2003-06-19. Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease. Granted 2004-08-05. Soluble Fas: urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Granted 2010-07-20. He has a consulting or advisory role for the following: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Jansen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen and Wolff. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

diagnosis meta-analysis urinary bladder urine biomarkers urothelial carcinoma BioScience Corp. Norihiko Masuda Osamu Ogawa Meyeon Park Alvin Y Liu Yunfeng Dai Landon Kozai Hideki Furuya Yair Lotan and Takashi Kobayashi declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Bladder cancer Pd-1 Pd-l1 atezolizumab avelumab biomarkers durvalumab immunotherapy nivolumab pembrolizumab Urogen licenses/patents: University of Colorado research support: Medivation/Astellas stockholder in: Aurora Oncology PrecisionProfile other: IOS Press (editorial responsibilities compensated).The other authors report no conflicts of interest.