Aged Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/*etiology Male Prostatic Hyperplasia Transurethral Resection of Prostate Urethra/physiopathology

Embolization Therapeutic Humans Male Prostate/*blood supply/pathology Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis/*therapy Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Meta-analysis Prostatic artery embolization Transurethral resection of the prostate PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Aged Aged 80 and over Ejaculation Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology Male Middle Aged Organ Size Penile Erection Prostate/pathology Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications Quality of Life Retreatment/statistics & numerical data Robotic Surgical Procedures Surgery Computer-Assisted/methods Transurethral Resection of Prostate *Water

Silodosin Tamsulosin benign prostatic hyperplasia lower urinary tract symptom meta-analysis

Administration Oral Chronic Disease Flowers/physiology Humans Male Medicine Traditional Phytotherapy Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage Pollen/*physiology Prostatic Hyperplasia/drug therapy Prostatitis/drug therapy Treatment Outcome clinical practice efficacy evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine phytotherapy pollen review

Implantable Nitinol Devices Minimally Invasive Treatments BPH Systematic Review

Urothelial Carcinoma Bladder Cytology Bladder Neoplams Cancer BCG Cystectomy Survival

Bladder Cancer Management Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Oncology Risk Factors

Bladder Cancer Disease Management Follow-up Guidelines Muscle Invasive

AUC Appropriate Use Criteria Appropriateness Criteria Bladder Cancer CT MRI Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Staging Urothelial Carcinoma

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Doxazosin Humans Indoles Male Network Meta-Analysis Prostatic Hyperplasia/*drug therapy Quality of Life Sexual Dysfunction Physiological/chemically induced Tamsulosin adverse event alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist benign prostatic hyperplasia

Androgen Antagonists/*pharmacology Biomarkers/urine Humans Inflammation/urine Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology Male Observational Studies as Topic Phytotherapy Plant Extracts/*pharmacology Prostatic Hyperplasia/physiopathology/urine Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Serenoa Treatment Outcome * Serenoa repens *Luts/bph *Permixon *hexanic extract *meta-analysis *systematic review

Humans Length of Stay Male Perioperative Period Prostate/pathology Prostatic Hyperplasia/epidemiology/pathology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Saline Solution Transurethral Resection of Prostate/*adverse effects/*economics/standards Treatment Outcome United Kingdom/epidemiology Urethral Stricture/complications Urologic Surgical Procedures *Bph *Benign prostate enlargement *Benign prostate hyperplasia *Cost minimisation analysis *Meta-analysis *TUR syndrome *Turp *TURis *Transurethral resection in saline *Transurethral resection of the prostate

AE adverse event FSP first sleep period ICIQ-N International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Nocturia ICS International Continence Society Luts NP nocturnal polyuria NPI Nocturnal Polyuria Index Nocturia Nocturnal polyuria Oral desmopressin PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PVR post-void residual urine volume RCT randomised controlled trial

Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects Placebos Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*etiology Quality of Life Regression Analysis Severity of Illness Index Lower urinary tract symptoms Meta-analysis Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor Placebo Prostatic hyperplasia

Disease Progression Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*drug therapy Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Early treatment Luts Outcomes complications Pharmacological treatment Prostate Surgery

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Drug Therapy Combination Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Middle Aged Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Prostatic Hyperplasia Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Antifibrinolytic Agents/*administration & dosage Blood Loss Surgical/*prevention & control Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Male Prostatectomy/*adverse effects Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery Thromboembolism/*epidemiology/etiology Tranexamic Acid/*administration & dosage *Anesthesia *Blood loss *Prostate *Review *Surgical *Systematic *Tranexamic acid

Humans Laser Therapy Male Patient Selection Preoperative Period Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/physiopathology *Quality of Life Transurethral Resection of Prostate/*adverse effects/methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Underactive/etiology/*physiopathology *Urodynamics *muscle hypertonia *prostate *prostatic hyperplasia *urethra

5 alpha-reductase inhibitor benign prostatic hyperplasia meta-analysis