Androgen Antagonists/*pharmacology Biomarkers/urine Humans Inflammation/urine Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology Male Observational Studies as Topic Phytotherapy Plant Extracts/*pharmacology Prostatic Hyperplasia/physiopathology/urine Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Serenoa Treatment Outcome * Serenoa repens *Luts/bph *Permixon *hexanic extract *meta-analysis *systematic review

AE adverse event FSP first sleep period ICIQ-N International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Nocturia ICS International Continence Society Luts NP nocturnal polyuria NPI Nocturnal Polyuria Index Nocturia Nocturnal polyuria Oral desmopressin PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PVR post-void residual urine volume RCT randomised controlled trial

Biomarkers/urine Carcinogenesis Carcinogens/toxicity Female Humans Male *Tobacco Products/adverse effects *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiology Biomarkers of exposure Bladder cancer Carcinogens Heated tobacco product Urine disclosures.

Biomarkers Tumor *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/diagnosis Female Humans Male Nuclear Proteins Sensitivity and Specificity *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology bladder tumor diagnosis meta analysis nuclear matrix protein urine cytology

biomarker bladder cancer diagnosis extracellular vesicle miRNAs pellet sediment supernatant urine

Humans *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy/pathology BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Cystectomy Administration Intravesical Urinary Bladder/pathology Bcg Bladder Bladder tumours Cancer Carcinome urothélial Cystectomie Cytologie urinaire Survie Survival Tumeurs de la vessie Urine cytology Urothelial carcinoma Vessie

Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Humans Ribonuclease Pancreatic/*urine Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/urine

Cystoscopy/*methods Feasibility Studies Humans Liquid Biopsy/methods Sensitivity and Specificity *Spectrum Analysis Raman Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging/*pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/urine Urine/cytology Bladder cancer Raman spectroscopy diagnosis meta-analysis optical

cohort study intravesical recurrence meta-analysis nomogram preoperative urine cytology upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Biomarkers Tumor Cystoscopy Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/diagnosis Network Meta-Analysis *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis Accuracy Bladder cancer Urinary biomarkers Urine cytology

Biomarkers Tumor/*urine DNA Neoplasm/*urine Humans RNA Neoplasm/*urine Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics/*urine Watchful Waiting Biomarkers Bladder Genetic Surveillance

Biomarkers/urine DNA Mutational Analysis DNA Neoplasm/*urine Disease Progression Humans Mutation Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*diagnosis/genetics/*urine Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/genetics/*urine #BladderCancer #blcsm biomarkers molecular diagnostics urinary bladder neoplasms urine analysis Amsterdam UMC location VUmc. J. Bosschieter R.D.M. Steenbergen and J.A. Nieuwenhuijzen are inventors on patent(s) related to the work.

diagnosis meta-analysis urinary bladder urine biomarkers urothelial carcinoma BioScience Corp. Norihiko Masuda Osamu Ogawa Meyeon Park Alvin Y Liu Yunfeng Dai Landon Kozai Hideki Furuya Yair Lotan and Takashi Kobayashi declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Biological Assay/methods Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Cystoscopy Humans Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*urine

*DNA Methylation Disease Progression Female Genes APC/*physiology Humans Male *Promoter Regions Genetic *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/urine

Circulating Tumor DNA/*analysis/blood/urine Humans Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology CfDNA biomarkers diagnosis meta-analysis

Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Humans Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*urine Biomarker Bladder cancer Diagnosis Systematic review Urine

Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Cystoscopy/methods *DNA Methylation Humans Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/urine biomarkers methylation molecular diagnostics neoplasms urinary bladder urine analysis

Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Fibronectins/*urine Humans Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/urine Biomarker Bladder cancer Diagnosis Meta-analysis Urine fibronectin standards of institutional and international research committee this article is based on previous published studies thus it does not contain any studies with human participants or animals. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

biomarkers ‹› urine bladder cancer ‹› miRNA ‹› microRNA ‹›