*Alleles Ethnicity/genetics *Genetic Association Studies *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Humans Male Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Prostate-Specific Antigen/*genetics Prostatic Hyperplasia/*genetics Publication Bias Risk Factors Bph Psa meta-analysis polymorphism

Carcinogenesis/genetics/*immunology/pathology *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Inflammation/genetics/*immunology/pathology *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Receptors Interleukin/*genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology/pathology Bladder urothelial carcinoma Gene polymorphism Interleukin 17 Interleukin 23 Interleukin-23 receptor Natural killers Tumour-associated macrophages

*Genetic Association Studies *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Glutathione Transferase/*genetics Humans Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Genetic Publication Bias Risk Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics Bladder cancer Gstm1 Gstp1 Gstt1 Gene polymorphism Meta-analysis PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Antigenic Variation Antigens Neoplasm/*genetics Asian People GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Male Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics White People

Alleles Case-Control Studies *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Glutathione Transferase/*genetics Humans Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Genetic Publication Bias Risk Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics Gstm1 Gstt1 bladder cancer polymorphism

Asian People/*genetics *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Glutathione Transferase/*genetics Humans Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics Bladder cancer glutathione S-transferase M1 glutathione S-transferase T1 meta-analysis

Biomarkers Tumor Case-Control Studies *DNA Methylation Death-Associated Protein Kinases/*genetics *Genetic Association Studies *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Neoplasm Grading Neoplasm Staging Odds Ratio *Promoter Regions Genetic Publication Bias Risk Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*genetics/pathology

Adult *Amino Acid Substitution Case-Control Studies DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics Female Gene Expression *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Risk Factors Smoking/physiopathology Tobacco Use/physiopathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology