Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Cystectomy/methods/mortality Female Humans Hydronephrosis/*physiopathology/surgery Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder/pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*complications/*pathology

Antibodies Monoclonal/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antibodies Monoclonal Humanized/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antineoplastic Agents Immunological/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors Clinical Trials Phase III as Topic Humans Network Meta-Analysis Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/*antagonists & inhibitors Salvage Therapy/*methods Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*secondary PD-1 inhibitor PDL-1 inhibitor atezolizumab pembrolizumab urothelial bladder cancer

Cystectomy/*methods Humans Perioperative Care/*methods Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/prevention & control *Recovery of Function Standard of Care Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Urologic Surgical Procedures/*methods

Carcinoma Papillary/mortality/pathology/*therapy Disease Progression Humans Neoplasm Staging Progression-Free Survival Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Urothelium/*pathology Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy Bladder cancer Bladder sparing Immediate cystectomy Micropapillary Prognosis Transurethral resection Urothelial carcinoma Variant histology

Adjuvants Immunologic/administration & dosage Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/*adverse effects Chondroitin Sulfates/*administration & dosage Cystitis/chemically induced/pathology/*prevention & control Humans Hyaluronic Acid/*administration & dosage Immunotherapy/*adverse effects Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*therapy

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism Cell Line Tumor Humans Receptors Calcitriol/metabolism Risk Factors Signal Transduction Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/etiology/metabolism Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood/metabolism Vitamin D Deficiency/*blood/complications/metabolism 1 25(oh)(2)d 1α-hydroxylase Bladder cancer Cathelicidin Vitamin D

Blood Loss Surgical/statistics & numerical data Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data Cystectomy/*adverse effects/methods Hospital Mortality Humans Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data Operative Time Postoperative Complications/*epidemiology/etiology Quality of Life Risk Factors Robotic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder/surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Urinary Diversion/*adverse effects/methods health-related quality of life meta-analysis open radical cystectomy postoperative complication robot-assisted radical cystectomy

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery Cystectomy Humans Lymph Nodes/*diagnostic imaging/pathology Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neoplasm Staging Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography Sensitivity and Specificity Tomography X-Ray Computed Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery Bladder cancer Computed tomography Positron emission tomography Transitional cell carcinoma

Cystectomy/*methods Humans Length of Stay Nutritional Status *Perioperative Care Postoperative Complications/*epidemiology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Wound Healing

Cystectomy/methods/*mortality Humans Lymph Node Excision/methods/*mortality Lymph Nodes/surgery Lymphatic Metastasis Pelvis/pathology Postoperative Complications/etiology Prognosis Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Survival Rate Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*mortality/pathology/*surgery

Cystectomy/*methods Humans Organ Sparing Treatments/*methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Bladder preservation High-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Meta-analysis Radical cystectomy PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy/methods Humans Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Saline Solution/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Therapeutic Irrigation/adverse effects/methods Treatment Outcome Urethra Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery/*therapy Continuous saline bladder irrigation Meta-analysis Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Randomized controlled trials Transurethral resection of bladder tumors

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2/*drug therapy Dose-Response Relationship Drug Humans Hypoglycemic Agents/*adverse effects Incidence Observational Studies as Topic Pioglitazone/*adverse effects Risk Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*chemically induced

Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis/epidemiology/*pathology/surgery *Cystectomy Disease-Free Survival Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology Prognosis Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Ureteral Neoplasms/*diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology/secondary Urinary Bladder/pathology/surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/*pathology/surgery

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Checklist Consensus Databases Factual Female Humans Male Middle Aged *Patient Reported Outcome Measures Psychometrics/methods/*standards Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Cosmin bladder cancer patient reported outcome measures psychometric properties systematic review

Asian People/genetics Carcinoma Renal Cell/genetics Female Genetic Association Studies/*methods Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Kidney Neoplasms/genetics Male *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics Urogenital Neoplasms/*genetics Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*genetics Meta-analysis Polymorphism Urologic neoplasms Vascular endothelial growth factors

*Genetic Association Studies *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Glutathione Transferase/*genetics Humans Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Genetic Publication Bias Risk Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics Bladder cancer Gstm1 Gstp1 Gstt1 Gene polymorphism Meta-analysis PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

*Cost-Benefit Analysis Cystectomy/*economics/*methods Humans *Laparoscopy *Robotic Surgical Procedures Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*economics/*surgery

Cystectomy/*methods Humans Length of Stay Postoperative Care/*methods Postoperative Complications/*epidemiology Prospective Studies Recovery of Function Retrospective Studies Standard of Care Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/rehabilitation/*surgery bladder cancer enhanced recovery after surgery meta-analysis postoperative rehabilitation radical cystectomy

Adolescent Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Animals Cultured Milk Products *Dairy Products *Diet Dietary Fats/administration & dosage *Feeding Behavior Female Humans Male Middle Aged Milk *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiology/prevention & control Young Adult dairy products fermented dairy products whole milk bladder cancer meta-analysis systematic review