Embolization Therapeutic Humans Male Prostate/*blood supply/pathology Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis/*therapy Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Meta-analysis Prostatic artery embolization Transurethral resection of the prostate PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Aged Aged 80 and over Ejaculation Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology Male Middle Aged Organ Size Penile Erection Prostate/pathology Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications Quality of Life Retreatment/statistics & numerical data Robotic Surgical Procedures Surgery Computer-Assisted/methods Transurethral Resection of Prostate *Water

Biomarkers/analysis Humans Male MicroRNAs/*analysis Prostatic Hyperplasia/*diagnosis/metabolism Benign prostatic hyperplasia Diagnosis Prostate cancer Therapy miRNA

Administration Oral Chronic Disease Flowers/physiology Humans Male Medicine Traditional Phytotherapy Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage Pollen/*physiology Prostatic Hyperplasia/drug therapy Prostatitis/drug therapy Treatment Outcome clinical practice efficacy evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine phytotherapy pollen review

Bladder Cancer Management Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Oncology Risk Factors

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Doxazosin Humans Indoles Male Network Meta-Analysis Prostatic Hyperplasia/*drug therapy Quality of Life Sexual Dysfunction Physiological/chemically induced Tamsulosin adverse event alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist benign prostatic hyperplasia

AE adverse event FSP first sleep period ICIQ-N International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Nocturia ICS International Continence Society Luts NP nocturnal polyuria NPI Nocturnal Polyuria Index Nocturia Nocturnal polyuria Oral desmopressin PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PVR post-void residual urine volume RCT randomised controlled trial

Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects Placebos Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*etiology Quality of Life Regression Analysis Severity of Illness Index Lower urinary tract symptoms Meta-analysis Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor Placebo Prostatic hyperplasia

Greenlight Laser Photoselective Vaporisation Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Meta Analysis

Disease Progression Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*drug therapy Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Early treatment Luts Outcomes complications Pharmacological treatment Prostate Surgery

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Drug Therapy Combination Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Middle Aged Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Prostatic Hyperplasia Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Thulium laser vaporesection of prostate bipolar transurethral resection of prostate benign prostate hyperplasia meta-analysis

5 alpha-reductase inhibitor benign prostatic hyperplasia meta-analysis

Humans Laser Coagulation Laser Therapy Lasers Solid-State Male Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications Quality of Life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data *Thulium Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Ureteral Obstruction/etiology 2-micron Benign prostatic obstruction Plasmakinetic resection of prostate Safety and efficacy Thulium laser VapoResection of the prostate Thulium laser Transurethral resection of the prostate

Temporary Implantable Nitinol Device BPH Systematic Review

Bph Srd5a2 polymorphism risk susceptibility

*Alleles Ethnicity/genetics *Genetic Association Studies *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Humans Male Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Prostate-Specific Antigen/*genetics Prostatic Hyperplasia/*genetics Publication Bias Risk Factors Bph Psa meta-analysis polymorphism

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology Blood Loss Surgical/*prevention & control Blood Transfusion Dutasteride/*pharmacology Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Male Microcirculation Prospective Studies Prostate Prostatic Hyperplasia Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Retrospective Studies *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism Benign prostatic hyperplasia Dutasteride Intraoperative blood loss Meta-analysis Transurethral resection of the prostate

Aged Causality Comorbidity Embolization Therapeutic/*statistics & numerical data Follow-Up Studies Humans Longitudinal Studies Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/*epidemiology/*prevention & control Male Middle Aged Prostate/blood supply Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology/*therapy Risk Factors Treatment Outcome

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists Aged Humans Indoles Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Naphthalenes Piperazines Prostatic Hyperplasia Quinazolines Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urological Agents