Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use Bayes Theorem Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*drug therapy/pathology/surgery Cisplatin/therapeutic use Cystectomy Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use Doxorubicin/therapeutic use Humans Methotrexate/therapeutic use *Neoadjuvant Therapy Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology/surgery Vinblastine/therapeutic use Gemcitabine

Cystectomy/*methods Humans Lymph Node Excision Lymph Nodes/*pathology Lymphatic Metastasis/*diagnosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology/*surgery

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use Chemotherapy Adjuvant Cisplatin/administration & dosage *Cystectomy/methods Evidence-Based Medicine Humans *Lymph Node Excision Neoadjuvant Therapy/*methods Neoplasm Invasiveness Organ Sparing Treatments/methods Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/*pathology/*therapy adjuvant chemotherapy bladder cancer bladder-sparing therapy lymph node dissection neoadjuvant chemotherapy radical cystectomy

*Cytodiagnosis Female Humans Male Predictive Value of Tests Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*urine

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic Cystectomy/*methods Female Humans Male *Quality of Life Reproducibility of Results Surveys and Questionnaires Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/psychology/*surgery Urinary Diversion/methods/*psychology *Urinary Reservoirs Continent Health related quality of life Ileal conduit Meta-analysis Orthotopic neobladder Radical cystectomy Urinary diversion

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Female Humans Middle Aged *Parity Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology Bladder cancer Meta-analysis Parity Women’s health

Adult *Amino Acid Substitution Case-Control Studies DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics Female Gene Expression *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Risk Factors Smoking/physiopathology Tobacco Use/physiopathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/pathology

Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Iran/epidemiology Opium/*adverse effects Risk Factors Smoking/adverse effects Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology/physiopathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemically induced/*epidemiology/physiopathology

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Antibodies Monoclonal/therapeutic use Antibodies Monoclonal Humanized/therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics CTLA-4 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics Clinical Trials as Topic Female Genes cdc/drug effects Humans Ipilimumab Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Metastasis/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology Nivolumab Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology Bladder cancer immunotherapy Checkpoint inhibitor Pembrolizumab

Disease Progression Humans Prognosis Risk Factors Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology Meta-analysis Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Progression Stage T1 p53

Biomarkers Tumor/*blood/*genetics Humans MicroRNAs/*blood/*genetics Neoplasm Invasiveness Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/*genetics/pathology

Carcinoma/etiology/pathology Case-Control Studies Chronic Disease Humans Risk Urinary Bladder/pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology Urinary Tract/*pathology Urinary Tract Infections/*complications/pathology

Adjuvants Immunologic/*therapeutic use BCG Vaccine/*therapeutic use Humans Mycobacterium bovis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology BCG vaccine immunotherapy urinary bladder neoplasms

Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy/*methods Humans Lymph Node Excision/*methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery

Kaplan-Meier Estimate Neoplasm Grading Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasm Staging Odds Ratio Prognosis Publication Bias Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*mortality/*pathology/therapy histological variants squamous differentiation urothelial carcinoma of the bladder including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg employment/affiliation grants or funding consultancies honoraria stock ownership or options expert testimony royalties or patents filed received or pending) are the following: None.

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Female *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 Humans Lymphatic Metastasis Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography *Radiopharmaceuticals Reproducibility of Results Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*pathology Bladder cancer Lymph nodes Positron emission tomography Preoperative staging Urinary bladder neoplasms

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/*surgery Electrocoagulation/*methods Humans Length of Stay Muscle Smooth/pathology Neoplasm Invasiveness *Neoplasm Recurrence Local Operative Time Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder/pathology/*surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*administration & dosage Carcinoma Transitional Cell/mortality/*pathology/*therapy Disease Progression Doxorubicin/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives Epirubicin/administration & dosage Humans Mitomycin/administration & dosage Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*prevention & control Neoplasm Staging Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Factors Survival Rate Thiotepa/administration & dosage Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/*pathology/*therapy Chemotherapy Meta-analysis Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer Single instillation Systematic review

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Biomarkers Tumor/*metabolism Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/*metabolism *Down-Regulation Female Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic Humans Lymphatic Metastasis Male Middle Aged Prognosis Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism/mortality/*pathology