5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors Androgen Antagonists Humans Male Plant Extracts/*pharmacology *Prostatic Hyperplasia/drug therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Serenoa/chemistry Tamsulosin

alfuzosin alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists benign prostatic hyperplasia low urinary tract symptoms pharmacology seminaries for Recordati Astellas Glaxo Smith Kline. Cosimo de Nunzio: Consultancy for Pierrefabre Janssen Sanofi Glaxo Smith Kline. Other authors have no additional conflict of interest to declare.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/*administration & dosage/pharmacology Drug Interactions Drug Therapy Combination Erectile Dysfunction/complications/*drug therapy/physiopathology Hemodynamics/*drug effects Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/complications/*drug therapy/physiopathology Male Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/*administration & dosage/pharmacology Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*drug therapy/physiopathology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Alpha blocker Benign prostatic hyperplasia Erectile dysfunction Hemodynamic interaction Luts Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Androgen Antagonists/*pharmacology Biomarkers/urine Humans Inflammation/urine Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology Male Observational Studies as Topic Phytotherapy Plant Extracts/*pharmacology Prostatic Hyperplasia/physiopathology/urine Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Serenoa Treatment Outcome * Serenoa repens *Luts/bph *Permixon *hexanic extract *meta-analysis *systematic review

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology Blood Loss Surgical/*prevention & control Blood Transfusion Dutasteride/*pharmacology Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Male Microcirculation Prospective Studies Prostate Prostatic Hyperplasia Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Retrospective Studies *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism Benign prostatic hyperplasia Dutasteride Intraoperative blood loss Meta-analysis Transurethral resection of the prostate

Animals Biological Availability Clinical Trials as Topic Flavonoids/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Flavonols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Humans Inhibitory Concentration 50 Kaempferols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Male Models Animal Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy bladder cancer fisetin kaempferol myricetin prostate cancer

Antineoplastic Agents Alkylating/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Female Humans Male Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality Cyclophosphamide Hematuria Systematic review Urinary bladder neoplasms

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology Humans Maintenance Chemotherapy/*methods Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*prevention & control Prognosis Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Treatment Outcome *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology Bladder cancer Chemotherapy Intravesical Maintenance

Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology Cohort Studies Humans Hypoglycemic Agents/*adverse effects/pharmacology Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*etiology/pathology Pioglitazone Prevalence Risk Thiazolidinediones/*adverse effects/pharmacology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology Bladder cancer Cardiovascular disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis