PURPOSE: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been shown to improve survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who underwent radical cystectomy as compared with patients who underwent surgery alone. It has also been suggested as current standard of care in surgically-fit patients with MIBC. This meta-analysis assessed the effect of cisplatin-based NAC on survival in patients with bladder cancer. SOURCE: PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase were searched until November 22, 2016. Two-arm randomized controlled trials that compared cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus local treatment versus the same local treatment without neoadjuvant chemotherapy were selected. Patients with histologically-confirmed bladder cancer (adenocarcinoma, transitional, or squamous-cell carcinoma) were included. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Of the 292 articles initially identified, 14 were included in the final analysis. Patients in the NAC group had similar OS as the local treatment (i.e., radiation therapy or cystectomy) group (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84 to 1.00, P=0.056). No difference in progress-free survival between two groups was observed (P=0.725). Subgroup analysis showed that OS was similar in patients treated with NAC plus radiotherapy or cystectomy compared with patients who received local treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS: Platinum-based NAC was associated with similar survival benefit as patients undergoing cystectomy and/or radiotherapy. No conclusion can be drawn about the optimal platinum-based combination to be used in the neoadjuvant setting.