Adolescent Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Animals Cultured Milk Products *Dairy Products *Diet Dietary Fats/administration & dosage *Feeding Behavior Female Humans Male Middle Aged Milk *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiology/prevention & control Young Adult dairy products fermented dairy products whole milk bladder cancer meta-analysis systematic review

Female Humans Male Prospective Studies *Quality of Life Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/*psychology/radiotherapy Bladder cancer Chemotherapy Muscle-invasive bladder cancer Quality of life Urothelial cancer PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Adjuvants Immunologic/*therapeutic use Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/*therapeutic use Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/*therapy Cystoscopy Female Humans Male Multivariate Analysis Muscle Smooth/*pathology Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*epidemiology Proportional Hazards Models Sex Factors Survival Rate Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*therapy *Urologic Surgical Procedures Bladder cancer Gender differences Local recurrence Meta-analysis Transurethral resection of bladder tumor

Contrast Media Diagnosis Differential Female Humans Lymphatic Metastasis/*diagnostic imaging/pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods Male Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology Mri bladder cancer lymph node metastasis meta-analysis prostate cancer

Aged Biomarkers Tumor/*blood Cystectomy/*adverse effects Female Humans Leukocyte Count Lymphocytes/*pathology Male Middle Aged Monocytes/*pathology Neoplasm Recurrence Local/blood/*epidemiology Postoperative Complications/blood/*epidemiology Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/pathology/surgery

Antigenic Variation Antigens Neoplasm/*genetics Asian People GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Male Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics White People

Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Female Humans Male Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*etiology Alcohol consumption Bladder cancer Cancer risk

Female Humans Male Prospective Studies Sex Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*etiology Urinary Tract Infections/*complications Bladder cancer Cystitis Urinary bladder neoplasms Urinary tract infections Urothelial carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/*pathology/surgery Cystectomy/*methods Digital Rectal Examination Humans Incidental Findings Male Neoplasm Recurrence Local/pathology Prognosis Prostate/pathology Prostate-Specific Antigen Prostatectomy/*methods Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology/*pathology/surgery Survival Rate Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery bladder neoplasms cystectomy prostatectomy prostatic neoplasms

Cisplatin/*therapeutic use Female Humans Male Neoadjuvant Therapy/*methods Urinary Bladder/drug effects/pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology

Administration Intravesical Aged Aged 80 and over BCG Vaccine/*therapeutic use Biopsy Needle Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Immunotherapy/*methods In Situ Hybridization Fluorescence Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Recurrence Local/mortality/*pathology Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis Risk Assessment Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Bcg Bladder cancer Immunotherapy Personalized therapy Response prediction

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Female Humans *Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged *Neoplasm Staging/methods/standards Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging bladder cancer diagnostic accuracy magnetic resonance imaging staging systematic review

Epirubicin/*therapeutic use Female Humans Immunotherapy/*methods Male Mitomycin/*therapeutic use *Mycobacterium bovis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology/pathology/*therapy Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Consistency Epirubicin Gemcitabine Heterogeneity Interferon-Alpha Intravesical instillation therapies Mitomycin C Pairwise/network meta-analysis Tumor progression Tumor recurrence

Aged *Coffee Cohort Studies Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Japan/epidemiology Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control

Aged Diabetes Mellitus Type 2/complications/*drug therapy Disease Progression Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Hypoglycemic Agents/*therapeutic use Male Metformin/*therapeutic use Middle Aged Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiology/*mortality

Chemoradiotherapy/*methods Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy/*adverse effects/methods Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Metastasis Robotic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects/methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*therapy Bladder cancer Cystectomy Multi-modality treatment Port-site metastasis Rare complications

Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism Female Humans Immunohistochemistry/*methods Male Prognosis Receptors Androgen/metabolism Retrospective Studies Software Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology

Adenocarcinoma/*etiology Carcinoma Squamous Cell/*etiology Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*etiology Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Female Humans Male Neoplasm Recurrence Local Recurrence Regression Analysis Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*etiology Urinary Tract Infections/*complications Bladder carcinoma Case–control studies Chronic urinary tract infection Meta-analysis

Cystectomy/*adverse effects/methods Humans Male Sexual Health/*standards Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*complications/pathology Cystectomy Erectile dysfunction Urinary bladder neoplasms Urinary incontinence

Aged Aged 80 and over Chemoradiotherapy/*mortality/*statistics & numerical data Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy/*mortality/*statistics & numerical data Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Invasiveness Postoperative Complications/mortality/prevention & control Prevalence Radiation Injuries/mortality/prevention & control Risk Factors Survival Rate Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*mortality/*therapy