Humans Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use Neoplasm Residual Neoplasm Recurrence Local/prevention & control *Photochemotherapy/methods Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery/diagnosis Aminolevulinic Acid/therapeutic use Cystoscopy/methods Cystoscopy Fluorescent cystoscopy Hexaminolevulinate Meta-analysis Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer Urinary bladder neoplasms conflicts of interest in the manuscript and during the submission process. This manuscript has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Humans Mitomycin Gemcitabine Hematuria *Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Neoplasms Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use Administration Intravesical *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy *Cystitis Chemical cystitis Cistitis química Cáncer de vejiga sin invasión muscular Gemcitabina intravesical Intravesical gemcitabine Intravesical mitomycin Mitomicina intravesical Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Recurrence rates Tasas de recurrencia

Humans Mitomycin/therapeutic use Antibiotics Antineoplastic BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use *Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Neoplasms Neoplasm Recurrence Local/drug therapy *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology Administration Intravesical Neoplasm Invasiveness Bladder cancer Device-assisted Emda Intravesical drug administration Nmibc

Humans *Carcinoma Transitional Cell *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology Retrospective Studies BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Administration Intravesical Adjuvants Immunologic *Organ Transplantation Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local/pathology Bcg Bladder cancer Chemotherapy Mitomycin Transplanted patients

Aged Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*drug therapy/*pathology Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/*therapeutic use Liver Neoplasms/secondary Male Middle Aged Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*pathology bladder cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy meta-analysis urothelial carcinoma

Humans Carboplatin/therapeutic use *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/drug therapy *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Carboplatin Cisplatin Immune checkpoint inhibitors Platinum-based chemotherapy Urothelial carcinoma

Antibodies Monoclonal Humanized/*therapeutic use *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/drug therapy Humans Prognosis Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy Metastatic urothelial carcinoma Pembrolizumab Prognostic factor Janssen and Pfizer. Takahiro Kimura is a paid consultant/advisor of Astellas Bayer Janssen and Sanofi. Shahrokh F. Shariat is a paid as follows: Honoraria: Astellas AstraZeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Janssen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Richard Wolf Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen. Consulting or Advisory Role: Astellas AstraZeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Janssen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Richard Wolf Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen. Speakers Bureau: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Janssen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Richard Wolf Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen Movember Foundation. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.

Adjuvants Immunologic Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Bayes Theorem *Covid-19 Duration of Therapy Humans *Mycobacterium bovis Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local/drug therapy Network Meta-Analysis Pandemics *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy *Urology

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell/drug therapy Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use Immunotherapy *Lung Neoplasms/pathology Male Platinum/therapeutic use Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy

Administration Intravesical *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology Epirubicin/therapeutic use Female Humans Male Mitomycin/therapeutic use Neoplasm Recurrence Local Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology Intravesical Chemotherapy Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Turb

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology Cisplatin/therapeutic use Cystectomy Humans Muscles/pathology Neoadjuvant Therapy Neoplasm Invasiveness *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology Bladder cancer Muscle-invasive Urothelial from MSD and BMS and Speaker and Other from AstraZecena. BPV reports Advisory Board Speaker and Other from Astellas Roche BMS and Merk-Pfizer Advisory Board and Other from Ipsen Advisory Board and Speaker from EUSA and MSD and Advisory Board from Sanofi. IPF report Advisory Board Speaker and Other from Pfizer Speaker and Other from Ipsen and Roche Advisory Board from EUSA and BMS and Speaker from Novartis and MSD. OFC reports Advisory Board and Speaker from Ipsen and Astellas Advisory Board from BMS and Pfizer-Merck and Speaker from AstraZeneca. AGA has received research funding from Astellas travel grants from Astellas Jansen Sanofi BMS Roche Pfizer and Ipsen and honoraria for speaker engagements advisory boards and continuous medical education from Janssen Astellas Sanofi Bayer Roche Ipsen BMS MSD Pfizer Eusa Pharma Eisai and AstraZeneca. JAA reports honoraria from Astellas Pfizer and BMS conulting or advisory role from Pfizer Astellas Janssen-Cilag MSD Oncology BMS Merck AstraZeneca Bayer and Eisai and Research Funding from BMS. RMB SVE CCD and MDS have nothing to disclose.

Humans *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy/pathology BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Cystectomy Administration Intravesical Urinary Bladder/pathology Bcg Bladder Bladder tumours Cancer Carcinome urothélial Cystectomie Cytologie urinaire Survie Survival Tumeurs de la vessie Urine cytology Urothelial carcinoma Vessie

Adjuvants Immunologic/therapeutic use Administration Intravesical Aged BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Humans *Mycobacterium bovis Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Administration Intravesical *Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local Quality of Life *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy Bacillus Calmette–Guérin bladder cancer chemotherapy health-related quality of life hyperthermia immunotherapy intravesical therapy non-muscle invasive bladder cancer urothelial carcinoma

Chemotherapy Adjuvant Cisplatin/therapeutic use Female Humans Male Muscles Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy *Bladder cancer *Chemotherapy *Individual participant data *Meta-analysis *Systematic review

Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/prevention & control Network Meta-Analysis *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology Bladder cancer Intermediate risk Intravesical therapy Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors Carcinoma/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Clinical Decision-Making Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Patient Selection Progression-Free Survival Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Urothelium/*drug effects/immunology/pathology Immune-checkpoint inhibitor Meta-analysis Programmed death-ligand 1 Urothelial carcinoma interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors certify that all conflicts of interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the article are listed as follows: Shahrokh Shariat owns or co-owns the following patents: methods to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer. Granted 2002-09-06. Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer. Granted 2003-06-19. Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease. Granted 2004-08-05. Soluble Fas: urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Granted 2010-07-20. He has a consulting or advisory role for the following: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Jansen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen and Wolff. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*drug therapy/pathology Clinical Trials Phase II as Topic Clinical Trials Phase III as Topic Humans Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasm Staging Practice Guidelines as Topic Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology Immune checkpoint inhibitors Platinum-based chemotherapy Survival outcomes Treatment guidelines Urothelial carcinoma funded this work. MK PK and SD are employees of Evidera.

Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use Biomarkers Tumor/*blood Humans Male Neoadjuvant Therapy/*methods Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/blood/drug therapy/*pathology Biomarkers Bladder cancer Nac Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Systematic review Ucb

Animals Biological Availability Clinical Trials as Topic Flavonoids/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Flavonols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Humans Inhibitory Concentration 50 Kaempferols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Male Models Animal Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy bladder cancer fisetin kaempferol myricetin prostate cancer