Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for differentiating stage T1 or lower tumors from stage T2 or higher tumors and to analyze the influence of different imaging protocols in patients with bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search for original diagnostic studies was performed in PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The methodologic quality of each study was evaluated by two independent reviewers who used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Data necessary to complete 2 x 2 tables were obtained, and patient, study, and imaging characteristics were extracted. Statistical analysis included data pooling, heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analyses, and forest plot construction. Results: Seventeen studies (1449 patients with bladder cancer) could be analyzed. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83, 0.94) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.94), respectively, for differentiating tumors staged T1 or lower from those staged T2 or higher. Diffusion-weighted imaging and use of higher field strengths (3 T) improved sensitivity (0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.96) and specificity (0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated high diagnostic performance of MR imaging for differentiating T1 or lower tumors from T2 or higher tumors in patients with bladder cancer. Higher field strength (3 T) and the use of diffusion- weighted imaging can slightly help improve sensitivity and specificity. (C) RSNA, 2017