Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology Cohort Studies Humans Hypoglycemic Agents/*adverse effects/pharmacology Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*etiology/pathology Pioglitazone Prevalence Risk Thiazolidinediones/*adverse effects/pharmacology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology Bladder cancer Cardiovascular disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Asian People/genetics Biomarkers Tumor/*blood/urine Cystoscopy/adverse effects Humans MicroRNAs/*blood Neoplasm Staging Nuclear Proteins/urine Odds Ratio ROC Curve Regression Analysis Sensitivity and Specificity Urinalysis/methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/diagnosis/*genetics/urine Bladder cancer Diagnosis Meta-analysis miRNA authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

*Adaptation Psychological Humans Quality of Life Survivors/*psychology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*psychology Bladder cancer Cystectomy Diagnosis Patients’ experience Treatment FUNDING: This work was funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research (grant number S388).

*Biomarkers Tumor Disease Progression Gene Expression Humans Matrix Metalloproteinases/*genetics/metabolism Prognosis Publication Bias Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism/*mortality/pathology bladder cancer matrix metalloproteinases meta-analysis

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Asymptomatic Diseases BCG Vaccine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Bacteriuria/*complications/diagnosis Humans Immunotherapy/adverse effects/*methods Neoplasm Invasiveness Risk Assessment Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Bacteriuria Bladder cancer Intravesical instillation

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging/standards Middle Aged Muscle Neoplasms/*diagnosis Neoplasm Invasiveness Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis Bladder cancer Local staging Magnetic resonance imaging Meta-analysis Muscle-invasive bladder cancer Systematic review

Age Factors Cystoscopy/*methods Cytodiagnosis Hematuria/*complications/*diagnosis Humans Predictive Value of Tests Sex Factors Smoking Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*complications/diagnosis/urine bladder cancer diagnosis haematuria timeliness urinary bladder neoplasm

Biomarkers Tumor/genetics/urine Humans RNA/urine Sensitivity and Specificity Software Survivin/genetics/*urine Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*urine Bladder cancer Diagnosis Meta-analysis Survivin

Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Disease Progression Female Humans *Ki-67 Antigen Male *Neoplasm Invasiveness Prognosis Prospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology Ki67 meta-analysis non-muscular-invasive bladder cancer

Anemia/*complications Cystectomy/*methods Female Humans Male Preoperative Period Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Anemia Bladder cancer Hemoglobin Mortality Recurrence

Humans *Lymph Node Excision Lymphatic Metastasis Muscle Smooth/pathology Neoplasm Invasiveness Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery Cáncer vesical con infiltración de la muscular Linfadenectomía Lymph node anatomical territory Lymphadenectomy Muscle invasive bladder cancer Oncological value Territorios anatómicos ganglionares Valor oncológico

Animals Cattle Diet/*adverse effects *Evidence-Based Medicine Food Preserved/*adverse effects Humans Incidence Meat/*adverse effects Meat Products/*adverse effects Reproducibility of Results Risk Factors Sheep Domestic Sus scrofa Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology Bladder cancer Dose–response Meta-analysis Processed meat Red meat

Ki-67 bladder cancer meta-analysis prognosis urothelial carcinoma

Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/*urine Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic Humans Prognosis RNA Long Noncoding/*urine Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*urine Bladder cancer biomarker diagnosis long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma–associated 1

albumin bladder cancer meta-analysis mortality prognosis

Clinical Decision-Making Cystectomy/*methods Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures/methods Humans *Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology/therapy Practice Guidelines as Topic Treatment Outcome *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/surgery Bladder cancer Lymph node dissection Lymph node metastasis Metastasectomy Metastatic bladder cancer Surgery interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg employment/affiliation grants or funding consultancies honoraria stock ownership or options expert testimony royalties or patents filed received or pending) are the following: None.

Antioxidants/*therapeutic use Databases Factual Dietary Supplements Humans Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*prevention & control Vitamins/*therapeutic use beta Carotene/therapeutic use Antioxidant Bladder Cancer Meta-Analysis Randomized Controlled Trials Vitamin

Bladder cancer gene genetic susceptibility genetic variant metaanalysis pathway

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/*surgery Cystectomy/*methods Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Neoplasm Recurrence Local Risk Factors Urethra/*pathology Urinary Bladder/pathology/surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery Bladder cancer Neobladder Radical cystectomy Urethral recurrence Urothelial carcinoma

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 Humans Lymph Nodes/*diagnostic imaging/pathology Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnosis/*diagnostic imaging/pathology Neoplasm Staging/methods Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/*methods ROC Curve Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery Bladder cancer F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose Lymph node Positron emission tomography/computed tomography Staging