Antineoplastic Agents Alkylating/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Female Humans Male Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality Cyclophosphamide Hematuria Systematic review Urinary bladder neoplasms

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over B7-H1 Antigen/genetics/*immunology Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/*administration & dosage *Immunotherapy Male Middle Aged Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics/*immunology Progression-Free Survival Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/mortality/*therapy efficacy immunotherapy meta-analysis safety urothelial cancer this study.

Cystectomy/*methods Female Humans Male Observational Studies as Topic Robotic Surgical Procedures/*methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery Urinary Diversion/*methods

Cystectomy/*adverse effects Female Humans Postoperative Complications/*etiology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Vaginal Diseases/*etiology

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*radiotherapy Bladder neoplasm Bladder preservation Cis Chemoradiotherapy Radiotherapy T1 Bladder cancer

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Female *Health Services Needs and Demand Humans Male Middle Aged Sexual Dysfunction Physiological/*etiology *Sexual Health Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*complications/*therapy Bladder cancer Health-related quality of life Mental wellbeing Radical cystectomy Sexual health

Aged Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*surgery *Cystectomy/methods Female Humans *Lymph Node Excision Male Middle Aged Postoperative Complications Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery

Adult Aged Air Pollution/*adverse effects Carcinogens Environmental/*adverse effects Cohort Studies Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects Europe/epidemiology Female Humans Incidence Male Meta-Analysis as Topic Middle Aged Nitrogen Oxides/adverse effects Particulate Matter/adverse effects Prospective Studies Risk Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology Air pollution Bladder cancer Environment Prevention

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Cystectomy/methods/mortality Female Humans Hydronephrosis/*physiopathology/surgery Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder/pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*complications/*pathology

Abdominal Muscles/*physiopathology Female *Health Services Needs and Demand Humans Middle Aged Neoplasm Metastasis/*physiopathology Quality of Life/*psychology *Social Support Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*psychology/*secondary/therapy Bladder cancer Concerns Continent diversion Quality of life Systematic review Unmet supportive care needs

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Checklist Consensus Databases Factual Female Humans Male Middle Aged *Patient Reported Outcome Measures Psychometrics/methods/*standards Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Cosmin bladder cancer patient reported outcome measures psychometric properties systematic review

Asian People/genetics Carcinoma Renal Cell/genetics Female Genetic Association Studies/*methods Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Kidney Neoplasms/genetics Male *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics Urogenital Neoplasms/*genetics Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*genetics Meta-analysis Polymorphism Urologic neoplasms Vascular endothelial growth factors

Female *Health Status Humans Male Middle Aged *Quality of Life Surveys and Questionnaires Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder/*surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Urinary Diversion/*methods Urinary Reservoirs Continent Bladder cancer Meta-analysis Quality of life Urinary diversion

*DNA Methylation Disease Progression Female Genes APC/*physiology Humans Male *Promoter Regions Genetic *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/urine

Adolescent Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Animals Cultured Milk Products *Dairy Products *Diet Dietary Fats/administration & dosage *Feeding Behavior Female Humans Male Middle Aged Milk *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/etiology/prevention & control Young Adult dairy products fermented dairy products whole milk bladder cancer meta-analysis systematic review

Female Humans Male Prospective Studies *Quality of Life Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/*psychology/radiotherapy Bladder cancer Chemotherapy Muscle-invasive bladder cancer Quality of life Urothelial cancer PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Adjuvants Immunologic/*therapeutic use Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/*therapeutic use Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/*therapy Cystoscopy Female Humans Male Multivariate Analysis Muscle Smooth/*pathology Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*epidemiology Proportional Hazards Models Sex Factors Survival Rate Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*therapy *Urologic Surgical Procedures Bladder cancer Gender differences Local recurrence Meta-analysis Transurethral resection of bladder tumor

Contrast Media Diagnosis Differential Female Humans Lymphatic Metastasis/*diagnostic imaging/pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods Male Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology Mri bladder cancer lymph node metastasis meta-analysis prostate cancer

Aged Biomarkers Tumor/*blood Cystectomy/*adverse effects Female Humans Leukocyte Count Lymphocytes/*pathology Male Middle Aged Monocytes/*pathology Neoplasm Recurrence Local/blood/*epidemiology Postoperative Complications/blood/*epidemiology Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/pathology/surgery

Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Female Humans Male Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*etiology Alcohol consumption Bladder cancer Cancer risk