Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Clinical Trials as Topic Disease Progression Humans Neoplasm Metastasis *Neoplasm Recurrence Local Network Meta-Analysis Progression-Free Survival Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology

Age of Onset Cohort Studies Female Hormones/*metabolism Humans Menopause Middle Aged Parity Prospective Studies *Reproduction Risk Assessment Risk Factors United States/epidemiology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/*physiopathology Plco bladder cancer hormones meta-analysis reproductive factors interest.

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*mortality/pathology/surgery Cystectomy Disease-Free Survival Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology Prognosis Risk Assessment/methods Urinary Bladder/*pathology/surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*mortality/pathology/surgery Urothelium/*pathology/surgery histology meta-analysis urinary bladder neoplasms

Antihypertensive Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Disease Susceptibility Dose-Response Relationship Drug Humans Hypertension/complications/drug therapy/etiology Kidney Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*etiology Odds Ratio Publication Bias Risk Assessment Risk Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*etiology antihypertensive medications bladder cancer kidney cancer meta-analysis risk interest.

*Biomarkers Tumor Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*genetics/mortality/pathology *DNA Methylation Humans Neoplasm Invasiveness Prognosis Risk Assessment Survival Rate Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality/pathology Biomarkers Dna High-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer Methylation Prognostic markers Systematic review molecular markers

Androgen Antagonists/*therapeutic use Humans Male Observational Studies as Topic Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/*prevention & control Androgen deprivation therapy Bladder cancer Pharmacoepidemiology Prostate cancer Systematic review

Carcinoma Papillary/mortality/pathology/*therapy Disease Progression Humans Neoplasm Staging Progression-Free Survival Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Urothelium/*pathology Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy Bladder cancer Bladder sparing Immediate cystectomy Micropapillary Prognosis Transurethral resection Urothelial carcinoma Variant histology

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2/complications/drug therapy Humans Hypoglycemic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Odds Ratio Pioglitazone/*adverse effects/therapeutic use Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*etiology Bladder cancer dose-response relationship meta-analysis pioglitazone

Cystectomy Humans Procedures and Techniques Utilization/*statistics & numerical data Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Predictors Radical cystectomy Use Utilization interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg employment/affiliation grants or funding consultancies honoraria stock ownership or options expert testimony royalties or patents filed received or pending) are the following: None.

Databases Factual Disease-Free Survival Humans Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology Neoplasm Metastasis Neutrophils/*cytology/immunology Odds Ratio Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Risk Assessment Survival Rate Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology/mortality/*pathology Urologic Neoplasms/immunology/mortality/*pathology Bladder cancer Metastatic unresectable urothelial carcinoma Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio Unresectable urothelial carcinoma

Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Female Humans Male Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*etiology Alcohol consumption Bladder cancer Cancer risk

Carcinogens Environmental/adverse effects Gene-Environment Interaction Humans Incidence Occupational Exposure/adverse effects Prevalence Risk Assessment Risk Factors Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology/genetics/mortality Bladder Cancer Epidemiology Urothelial

Administration Intravesical Aged Aged 80 and over BCG Vaccine/*therapeutic use Biopsy Needle Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Immunotherapy/*methods In Situ Hybridization Fluorescence Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Recurrence Local/mortality/*pathology Predictive Value of Tests Prognosis Risk Assessment Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Bcg Bladder cancer Immunotherapy Personalized therapy Response prediction

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Asymptomatic Diseases BCG Vaccine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Bacteriuria/*complications/diagnosis Humans Immunotherapy/adverse effects/*methods Neoplasm Invasiveness Risk Assessment Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Bacteriuria Bladder cancer Intravesical instillation

Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology Dose-Response Relationship Drug Humans Hypoglycemic Agents/*adverse effects Linear Models Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Pioglitazone Risk Assessment Risk Factors Thiazolidinediones/*adverse effects Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology

Acetylation Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/*genetics/metabolism Asian People/genetics Case-Control Studies China/epidemiology Genetic Association Studies Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Odds Ratio Phenotype *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Risk Assessment Risk Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/enzymology/ethnology/*genetics

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Female Humans Middle Aged *Parity Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology Bladder cancer Meta-analysis Parity Women’s health