Blood Loss Surgical/statistics & numerical data Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data Cystectomy/*methods Female Humans Male Neoplasm Invasiveness Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology Robotic Surgical Procedures/*methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery Urinary Diversion/adverse effects/*methods Ecud Extracorporeal urinary diversion Icud Intracorporeal urinary diversion Rarc

Cystectomy/adverse effects/*methods Humans Treatment Outcome Urethra Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Bipolar Monopolar Systematic review Turbt

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell Cystectomy/adverse effects Humans Morbidity Smoking/adverse effects *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/surgery Complication Infection Outcome Perioperative mortality Radical cystectomy Smoking exposure Urothelial bladder cancer

Humans *Laser Therapy/adverse effects Outpatients *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/surgery Urologic Surgical Procedures *Ablation *Bladder cancer *Fulguration *Laser *Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer *Outpatient

Case-Control Studies Diet/adverse effects *Diet Mediterranean Humans Incidence Rare Diseases Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology Bladder Cancer Dietary Inflammatory Index Mediterranean Diet Meta-analysis Western Diet

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors Carcinoma/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Clinical Decision-Making Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Patient Selection Progression-Free Survival Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Urothelium/*drug effects/immunology/pathology Immune-checkpoint inhibitor Meta-analysis Programmed death-ligand 1 Urothelial carcinoma interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors certify that all conflicts of interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the article are listed as follows: Shahrokh Shariat owns or co-owns the following patents: methods to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer. Granted 2002-09-06. Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer. Granted 2003-06-19. Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease. Granted 2004-08-05. Soluble Fas: urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Granted 2010-07-20. He has a consulting or advisory role for the following: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Jansen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen and Wolff. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell/surgery Cystectomy/adverse effects Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery

Adult Female *Hormones/adverse effects Humans Menopause Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Reproductive History Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology Bladder cancer Health Study Nurses’ females hormones reproductive factors

Humans *Laser Therapy/adverse effects Neoplasm Invasiveness Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery

Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Humans Meta-Analysis as Topic Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Systematic Reviews as Topic Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Clinical Trials as Topic Disease Progression Humans Neoplasm Metastasis *Neoplasm Recurrence Local Network Meta-Analysis Progression-Free Survival Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology

Cystectomy/adverse effects/*methods Disease-Free Survival Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Intraoperative Complications/*epidemiology/etiology Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urinary Bladder/*injuries/pathology/surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*surgery Bipolar bladder tumors meta-analysis monopolar transurethral resection

Adjuvants Immunologic/administration & dosage Administration Intravesical Antibiotics Antineoplastic/administration & dosage/adverse effects Antimetabolites Antineoplastic/*administration & dosage/adverse effects BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage Bias Cause of Death Confidence Intervals Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives Disease Progression Drug Administration Schedule Humans Mitomycin/administration & dosage/adverse effects Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*drug therapy/mortality/prevention & control Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Saline Solution/administration & dosage Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology/prevention & control Gemcitabine

Aged Cystectomy/adverse effects/*methods/statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Postoperative Complications Quality of Life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects/*methods/statistics & numerical data Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery

*Cystectomy/adverse effects Humans Morbidity Postoperative Complications/epidemiology Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery bladder disorders surgery urological tumours

Antineoplastic Agents Immunological/*therapeutic use Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*drug therapy Humans Immunotherapy/*adverse effects/methods Network Meta-Analysis Salvage Therapy/*methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy Rct Uc Ucb adverse events chemotherapy immunotherapy network meta-analyses second-line

Adult Caffeine/*adverse effects Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects Coffee/*adverse effects Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Dose-Response Relationship Drug Female Humans Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Smoking/*adverse effects Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*etiology Bladder cancer Coffee consumption Cohort study Dose–response analyses Smoking

Cystectomy/adverse effects Humans Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology Risk Factors *Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects *Robotics Treatment Outcome *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery Urologic Surgical Procedures *Urology Complications European Association of Urology guidelines Outcome reporting Robot-assisted radical cystectomy Standardised tool

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/secondary/*surgery Cystectomy/*adverse effects/methods Humans *Lymphatic Metastasis Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*epidemiology Peritoneal Neoplasms/epidemiology/*secondary Robotic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects/methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery Atypical recurrence Bladder cancer Cystectomy Port-site metastases Rarc

Adjuvants Immunologic/adverse effects Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/adverse effects Humans *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy *Urology Antibiothérapie Antibiotic therapy BCG therapy BCG thérapie Bladder Carcinome urothélial Complications Endovesical instillations Instillations endovésicales Nmibc Tvnim Urothelial carcinoma Vessie