Humans Male Network Meta-Analysis *Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery Quality of Life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome *benign prostatic hyperplasia *network meta-analysis *prostate volume *surgical treatment conflicts of interest with respect to the research authorship and/or publication of this article.

Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Network Meta-Analysis Phytotherapy Plant Extracts Prostate/*drug effects Prostatic Hyperplasia/*drug therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Serenoa Treatment Outcome *Benign prostatic hyperplasia *Lower urinary tract symptoms *Medical therapy *Phytotherapy *Prostate *Saw palmetto

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors Androgen Antagonists Humans Male Plant Extracts/*pharmacology *Prostatic Hyperplasia/drug therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Serenoa/chemistry Tamsulosin

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Adult Aged Bias Cholinergic Antagonists Drug Therapy Combination Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Middle Aged Prostatic Hyperplasia Quality of Life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Acetanilides Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Aged Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*drug therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Thiazoles Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Overactive/complications/*drug therapy Urological Agents Lower urinary tract symptoms Mirabegron Overactive Prostatic hyperplasia Urinary bladder

Humans Male Organ Size Prostate *Prostatectomy Prostatic Hyperplasia *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Benign prostatic hyperplasia Laser Laser surgery Open prostatectomy Transurethral resection of the prostate

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Aged Ejaculation Humans Hyperthermia Induced Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology/*therapy Male Microwaves Penile Erection Prostatic Hyperplasia/*therapy Quality of Life Radiofrequency Therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Retreatment Transurethral Resection of Prostate

*Endoscopy Humans Male Prostatectomy Prostatic Hyperplasia Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Treatment Outcome Endoscopic surgical procedures Outcomes assessments Prostate

Device Removal/statistics & numerical data Humans Male Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects/instrumentation Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/surgery Prostatism/etiology *Prosthesis Failure Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Reoperation/*statistics & numerical data Transurethral Resection of Prostate/statistics & numerical data Treatment Outcome meta-analysis prostatic hyperplasia urologic surgical procedures

Ejaculation/physiology Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology/physiopathology/therapy Male Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/physiopathology/surgery/*therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Sexual Dysfunction Physiological/etiology Aquablation Benign prostatic hyperplasia Ejaculatory dysfunction Prostate artery embolization Prostatic urethral lift Water vapor thermal therapy

Humans Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnostic imaging/pathology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urologic Surgical Procedures Male

Humans Hyperthermia Induced Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology Male Middle Aged Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*therapy Radiofrequency Therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Steam Treatment Outcome

Aged Arteries Ejaculation Embolization Therapeutic Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/*therapy Male Penile Erection Postoperative Complications/etiology Prostate/*blood supply Prostatic Hyperplasia Quality of Life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Retreatment/statistics & numerical data Sexual Dysfunction Physiological/etiology *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/*administration & dosage/pharmacology Drug Interactions Drug Therapy Combination Erectile Dysfunction/complications/*drug therapy/physiopathology Hemodynamics/*drug effects Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/complications/*drug therapy/physiopathology Male Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/*administration & dosage/pharmacology Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*drug therapy/physiopathology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Alpha blocker Benign prostatic hyperplasia Erectile dysfunction Hemodynamic interaction Luts Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Adult Embolization Therapeutic/*adverse effects/methods Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/*etiology Male Middle Aged Patient Reported Outcome Measures Penile Erection/physiology Prostate/blood supply Prostatic Hyperplasia/*therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Safety Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Lower urinary tract symptoms Prostatic artery embolization Systematic review

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/*administration & dosage Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/*administration & dosage Drug Therapy Combination Dutasteride/*administration & dosage Erectile Dysfunction/chemically induced/diagnosis Humans Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods Tamsulosin/*administration & dosage Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Dutasteride Meta-analysis Randomized controlled trials Tamsulosin published studies thus no ethical approval and patient consent are required. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Aged Catheterization Humans *Laser Therapy Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology Male Prostate/physiopathology Prostatic Hyperplasia/physiopathology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) button-type bipolar plasma vaporization (BTPV) lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) transurethral resection (TURP)

Aged Holmium Humans *Laser Therapy Lasers Solid-State Male Postoperative Complications/etiology Prostate/*radiation effects Prostatic Hyperplasia Publication Bias Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Thulium Treatment Outcome Efficacy Enucleation Holmium laser Meta-analysis Safety Thulium laser

Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Postoperative Complications/*etiology Prostatic Hyperplasia Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Sexual Dysfunction Physiological/*etiology Urologic Surgical Procedures Male/*adverse effects

Female Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/*drug therapy Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*drug therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Sexual Dysfunction Physiological Treatment Outcome