en bloc resection high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer reresection systematic review and meta-analysis commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/prevention & control Network Meta-Analysis *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology Bladder cancer Intermediate risk Intravesical therapy Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors Carcinoma/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Clinical Decision-Making Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Patient Selection Progression-Free Survival Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Urothelium/*drug effects/immunology/pathology Immune-checkpoint inhibitor Meta-analysis Programmed death-ligand 1 Urothelial carcinoma interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors certify that all conflicts of interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the article are listed as follows: Shahrokh Shariat owns or co-owns the following patents: methods to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer. Granted 2002-09-06. Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer. Granted 2003-06-19. Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease. Granted 2004-08-05. Soluble Fas: urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Granted 2010-07-20. He has a consulting or advisory role for the following: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Jansen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen and Wolff. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology Disease-Free Survival Humans *Neoplasm Staging Prognosis Urinary Bladder/*pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology Bladder urothelial carcinoma Meta-analysis Squamous differentiation

Her2 bladder cancer clinical significance meta-analysis prognostic value commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Case-Control Studies Humans Male NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/*genetics Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics NQO1 gene meta-analysis polymorphism prostatic neoplasms urinary bladder neoplasms

alcohol bladder cancer dose-response meta-analysis systematic review commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Crohn's disease bladder cancer inflammatory bowel diseases meta-analysis ulcerative colitis commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use Humans Meta-Analysis as Topic Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic *Systematic Reviews as Topic Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy

Cystoscopy/*methods Feasibility Studies Humans Liquid Biopsy/methods Sensitivity and Specificity *Spectrum Analysis Raman Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging/*pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/urine Urine/cytology Bladder cancer Raman spectroscopy diagnosis meta-analysis optical

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/mortality/surgery Cystectomy Disease-Free Survival Humans Nephroureterectomy Prognosis *Sex Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*mortality/*surgery Urologic Neoplasms/*mortality/*surgery carcinoma meta-analysis review [publication type] transitional cell urinary bladder neoplasms

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Clinical Trials as Topic Disease Progression Humans Neoplasm Metastasis *Neoplasm Recurrence Local Network Meta-Analysis Progression-Free Survival Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology

*Clinical Protocols *Cystectomy/methods *Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Humans Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Cystectomy Eras Fast track Meta-analysis Protocol Systematic review evidence-based medicine

external thermal field thermotherapy hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy meta-analysis non-muscle invasive bladder cancer normal temperature intravesical chemotherapy thermal intravesical chemotherapy

Cystectomy/adverse effects/*methods Disease-Free Survival Follow-Up Studies Humans Incidence Intraoperative Complications/*epidemiology/etiology Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urinary Bladder/*injuries/pathology/surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*surgery Bipolar bladder tumors meta-analysis monopolar transurethral resection

cohort study intravesical recurrence meta-analysis nomogram preoperative urine cytology upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Urinary bladder neoplasms adjuvant chemotherapy meta-analysis neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tau-20-571). Dr. XZ serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Translational Andrology and Urology from Mar 2015 to Feb 2021. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Cystoscopy/*methods Humans *Microscopy Confocal Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology Bladder cancer Confocal laser endomicroscopy Diagnostic performance Meta-analysis

Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use Antibiotic Prophylaxis Humans Meta-Analysis as Topic Postoperative Complications/drug therapy Systematic Reviews as Topic *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery *Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Antimicrobial stewardship Bacteriuria Endourological surgery Guideline Recommendation Transitional cell carcinoma Urothelium cell carcinoma

Antineoplastic Agents Immunological/*therapeutic use Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*drug therapy Humans Immunotherapy/*adverse effects/methods Network Meta-Analysis Salvage Therapy/*methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy Rct Uc Ucb adverse events chemotherapy immunotherapy network meta-analyses second-line