Comparative Effectiveness Research Cost-Benefit Analysis Humans Male Operative Time *Postoperative Complications/etiology/therapy *Prostatectomy Prostatic Hyperplasia Recovery of Function *Robotic Surgical Procedures *Patient outcome assessment *Postoperative complications *Prostatectomy *Prostatic hyperplasia *Robotic surgical procedures

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures Feasibility Studies Humans *Laser Therapy *Lasers Solid-State Male *Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome *Green-light *HoLEP *Turp *benign prostatic hyperplasia *laser surgery *outpatient surgery

Patient Bladder Cancer Urothelial Carcinoma staging treatment

Adult Embolization Therapeutic/*adverse effects/methods Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/*etiology Male Middle Aged Patient Reported Outcome Measures Penile Erection/physiology Prostate/blood supply Prostatic Hyperplasia/*therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Safety Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Lower urinary tract symptoms Prostatic artery embolization Systematic review

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/*administration & dosage Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/*administration & dosage Drug Therapy Combination Dutasteride/*administration & dosage Erectile Dysfunction/chemically induced/diagnosis Humans Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods Tamsulosin/*administration & dosage Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Dutasteride Meta-analysis Randomized controlled trials Tamsulosin published studies thus no ethical approval and patient consent are required. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

*Bipolar Disorder China Humans Male Prostatectomy *Prostatic Hyperplasia Quality of Life *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia High-risk and senior patients Meta-analysis Systematic review Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic prostatectomy

Humans Laser Therapy Male Patient Selection Preoperative Period Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/physiopathology *Quality of Life Transurethral Resection of Prostate/*adverse effects/methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Underactive/etiology/*physiopathology *Urodynamics *muscle hypertonia *prostate *prostatic hyperplasia *urethra

Aged Humans Male Middle Aged *Patient Selection Prostate/surgery Prostatic Hyperplasia Quality of Life *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction *Urodynamics

Humans *Carcinoma Transitional Cell *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology Retrospective Studies BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Administration Intravesical Adjuvants Immunologic *Organ Transplantation Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local/pathology Bcg Bladder cancer Chemotherapy Mitomycin Transplanted patients

Cystectomy France Humans Lymphatic Irradiation Palliative Care Patient Positioning Radiation Oncology Radiotherapy Dosage Radiotherapy Adjuvant Radiotherapy Conformal Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/*radiotherapy/surgery Bladder cancer Cancers de la vessie Chemoradiation Chimioradiothérapie French society for radiation oncology Guidelines Radiation therapy Radiothérapie Recommandations Société française de radiothérapie oncologique

Female Humans Male *Patient Reported Outcome Measures Quality of Life/psychology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology Early bladder cancer Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Patient-reported outcomes Quality of life Systematic review

Humans *Laser Therapy/adverse effects Outpatients *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/surgery Urologic Surgical Procedures *Ablation *Bladder cancer *Fulguration *Laser *Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer *Outpatient

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors Carcinoma/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Clinical Decision-Making Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Patient Selection Progression-Free Survival Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Urothelium/*drug effects/immunology/pathology Immune-checkpoint inhibitor Meta-analysis Programmed death-ligand 1 Urothelial carcinoma interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors certify that all conflicts of interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the article are listed as follows: Shahrokh Shariat owns or co-owns the following patents: methods to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer. Granted 2002-09-06. Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer. Granted 2003-06-19. Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease. Granted 2004-08-05. Soluble Fas: urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Granted 2010-07-20. He has a consulting or advisory role for the following: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Jansen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen and Wolff. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use Chemotherapy Adjuvant/methods Cisplatin/therapeutic use Clinical Decision-Making/methods *Cystectomy Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Male Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control Neoplasm Staging Patient Selection *Sex Factors Urinary Bladder/pathology/surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Adjuvant chemotherapy Bladder cancer Gender Meta-analysis Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Chemotherapy Adjuvant *Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy Female Humans Middle Aged Muscles Neoadjuvant Therapy *Neoplasm Invasiveness Organ Sparing Treatments Patient Selection Quality of Life Salvage Therapy Survival Rate *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy

Humans Patient Outcome Assessment *Patient Reported Outcome Measures Quality of Life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Reproducibility of Results Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/psychology/*therapy Early bladder cancer Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Patient-reported outcome measures Systematic review

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Checklist Consensus Databases Factual Female Humans Male Middle Aged *Patient Reported Outcome Measures Psychometrics/methods/*standards Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Cosmin bladder cancer patient reported outcome measures psychometric properties systematic review

*Cystectomy *Health Status Humans Patient Education as Topic/*methods Preoperative Care/*methods Relaxation Therapy/*methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Bladder cancer Cystectomy Supportive intervention Systematic review PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

*Adaptation Psychological Humans Quality of Life Survivors/*psychology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*psychology Bladder cancer Cystectomy Diagnosis Patients’ experience Treatment FUNDING: This work was funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research (grant number S388).

Age Factors Aged Aged 80 and over Clinical Decision-Making *Cystectomy/adverse effects/mortality Disease-Free Survival Female Geriatric Assessment Humans Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Invasiveness Odds Ratio Patient Selection Quality of Life Radiotherapy/adverse effects/mortality Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Complications Elderly Mibc Outcome