Acetanilides Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Aged Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications/*drug therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Thiazoles Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Overactive/complications/*drug therapy Urological Agents Lower urinary tract symptoms Mirabegron Overactive Prostatic hyperplasia Urinary bladder

alfuzosin alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists benign prostatic hyperplasia low urinary tract symptoms pharmacology seminaries for Recordati Astellas Glaxo Smith Kline. Cosimo de Nunzio: Consultancy for Pierrefabre Janssen Sanofi Glaxo Smith Kline. Other authors have no additional conflict of interest to declare.

Adrenergic beta-3 receptor agonists Lower urinary tract symptoms Prostatic hyperplasia Neurourology Journal is the second author of this article. However she played no role whatsoever in the editorial evaluation of this article or the decision to publish it. Except for that no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/*administration & dosage Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/*administration & dosage Drug Therapy Combination Dutasteride/*administration & dosage Erectile Dysfunction/chemically induced/diagnosis Humans Male Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods Tamsulosin/*administration & dosage Treatment Outcome Benign prostatic hyperplasia Dutasteride Meta-analysis Randomized controlled trials Tamsulosin published studies thus no ethical approval and patient consent are required. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/*administration & dosage Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage Cholinergic Antagonists/administration & dosage Drug Therapy Combination Humans Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/*drug therapy Male Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/*administration & dosage Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications Quality of Life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic 5-alpha reductase inhibitor Lower urinary tract symptoms alpha blockers anticholinergic: systematic review benign prostatic hyperplasia randomized trials

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Doxazosin Humans Indoles Male Network Meta-Analysis Prostatic Hyperplasia/*drug therapy Quality of Life Sexual Dysfunction Physiological/chemically induced Tamsulosin adverse event alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist benign prostatic hyperplasia

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists Aged Humans Indoles Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Male Naphthalenes Piperazines Prostatic Hyperplasia Quinazolines Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urological Agents

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/*administration & dosage Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Dose-Response Relationship Drug Humans Male Middle Aged Prostatic Hyperplasia *Quality of Life Sulfonamides/*administration & dosage Tamsulosin Prostatic hyperplasia alpha blockers

*Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/drug therapy Humans Mutation Receptor ErbB-2 Trastuzumab/adverse effects *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy Erbb2 Her2 Metastatic bladder cancer Metastatic urothelial cancer Targeted treatment

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell/drug therapy Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use Immunotherapy *Lung Neoplasms/pathology Male Platinum/therapeutic use Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy

Apoptosis B7-H1 Antigen/genetics/metabolism *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology Cystectomy Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Ligands Lymph Node Excision Neoplasm Recurrence Local/pathology Prognosis Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor Urinary Bladder *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology bladder urothelial carcinoma meta-analysis prognostic value programmed cell death ligand-1 radical cystectomy commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Humans Biomarkers Tumor *Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism Keratin-20/analysis/metabolism Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis/metabolism Urinary Bladder *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology Urothelium/chemistry/metabolism/pathology Bladder carcinoma Carcinoma in situ Carcinoma vesical Displasia Dysplasia Immunomarkes Inmunomarcadores

Biomarkers Tumor/*metabolism Estrogen Receptor alpha/*metabolism Estrogen Receptor beta/*metabolism GATA3 Transcription Factor/*metabolism Humans Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*metabolism Gata3 bladder cancer estrogen receptors immunohistochemistry tumour markers commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Carcinogenesis/genetics/*immunology/pathology *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Inflammation/genetics/*immunology/pathology *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Receptors Interleukin/*genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology/pathology Bladder urothelial carcinoma Gene polymorphism Interleukin 17 Interleukin 23 Interleukin-23 receptor Natural killers Tumour-associated macrophages

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*drug therapy Humans Prognosis Receptors Fibroblast Growth Factor/*antagonists & inhibitors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy Bladder cancer Fgfr FGFR inhibitors Fgfr3 Progression Urothelial carcinoma

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over B7-H1 Antigen/genetics/*immunology Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/*administration & dosage *Immunotherapy Male Middle Aged Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics/*immunology Progression-Free Survival Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/mortality/*therapy efficacy immunotherapy meta-analysis safety urothelial cancer this study.

5 alpha reductase inhibitors androgen deprivation therapy androgen receptor bladder cancer

Antibodies Monoclonal/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antibodies Monoclonal Humanized/adverse effects/therapeutic use Antineoplastic Agents Immunological/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/*antagonists & inhibitors Clinical Trials Phase III as Topic Humans Network Meta-Analysis Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/*antagonists & inhibitors Salvage Therapy/*methods Survival Analysis Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*secondary PD-1 inhibitor PDL-1 inhibitor atezolizumab pembrolizumab urothelial bladder cancer

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism Cell Line Tumor Humans Receptors Calcitriol/metabolism Risk Factors Signal Transduction Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/etiology/metabolism Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood/metabolism Vitamin D Deficiency/*blood/complications/metabolism 1 25(oh)(2)d 1α-hydroxylase Bladder cancer Cathelicidin Vitamin D

Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism Female Humans Immunohistochemistry/*methods Male Prognosis Receptors Androgen/metabolism Retrospective Studies Software Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology