Epirubicin/*therapeutic use Female Humans Immunotherapy/*methods Male Mitomycin/*therapeutic use *Mycobacterium bovis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology/pathology/*therapy Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Consistency Epirubicin Gemcitabine Heterogeneity Interferon-Alpha Intravesical instillation therapies Mitomycin C Pairwise/network meta-analysis Tumor progression Tumor recurrence

Biomarkers Tumor *Cystoscopy *Cytodiagnosis Early Detection of Cancer Humans Prospective Studies Reproducibility of Results Retrospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis/pathology Urinary Bladder Neurogenic/*complications (MeSH): neurogenic bladder bladder cancer cystoscopy screening urinary cytology

Age Factors Biomarkers Tumor DNA Methylation/genetics Humans Neoplasm Staging Promoter Regions Genetic Proportional Hazards Models Sex Factors Survival Analysis Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics/*pathology

Asian People/genetics Biomarkers Tumor/*blood/urine Cystoscopy/adverse effects Humans MicroRNAs/*blood Neoplasm Staging Nuclear Proteins/urine Odds Ratio ROC Curve Regression Analysis Sensitivity and Specificity Urinalysis/methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/diagnosis/*genetics/urine Bladder cancer Diagnosis Meta-analysis miRNA authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

*Biomarkers Tumor Disease Progression Gene Expression Humans Matrix Metalloproteinases/*genetics/metabolism Prognosis Publication Bias Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism/*mortality/pathology bladder cancer matrix metalloproteinases meta-analysis

Biomarkers Tumor/genetics/urine Humans RNA/urine Sensitivity and Specificity Software Survivin/genetics/*urine Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*urine Bladder cancer Diagnosis Meta-analysis Survivin

Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/*urine Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic Humans Prognosis RNA Long Noncoding/*urine Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*urine Bladder cancer biomarker diagnosis long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma–associated 1

Aged Catheterization Chemotherapy Adjuvant Feasibility Studies Female Humans *Laser Therapy Length of Stay Male Middle Aged Operative Time Postoperative Complications/etiology Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery Bladder tumor Laser enucleation of bladder tumor Meta-analysis Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)

Administration Intravesical Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*administration & dosage/adverse effects BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage Bayes Theorem Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives Disease Progression Epirubicin/administration & dosage Female Humans Isoniazid/administration & dosage Male Middle Aged Mitomycin/administration & dosage Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local Odds Ratio Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology Gemcitabine efficacy and safety intravesical therapy non-muscle invasive bladder cancer tumor progression tumor recurrence

Aged Aged 80 and over *Biomarkers Tumor Cluster Analysis Cohort Studies Female Gene Expression Profiling Humans Immunohistochemistry Male Middle Aged Mutation Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Staging Neoplasms Basal Cell/*diagnosis/genetics/*metabolism/mortality Prognosis Survival Analysis Tissue Array Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/genetics/*metabolism/mortality Biomarker Bladder cancer

Biomarkers Tumor/*genetics Epigenesis Genetic/*genetics Humans Methylation Mycobacterium bovis/*genetics Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology/surgery

Area Under Curve Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Case-Control Studies Humans Odds Ratio RNA Long Noncoding/*urine Sensitivity and Specificity Software Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/ethnology/genetics/urine Uca1 biomarker bladder cancer noninvasive diagnosis urinary marker

Biomarkers Tumor Case-Control Studies *DNA Methylation Death-Associated Protein Kinases/*genetics *Genetic Association Studies *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Neoplasm Grading Neoplasm Staging Odds Ratio *Promoter Regions Genetic Publication Bias Risk Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*genetics/pathology

Asian People Biomarkers Tumor Humans Ki-67 Antigen/*immunology Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/ethnology/*immunology/*mortality White People

Disease Progression Humans Prognosis Risk Factors Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology Meta-analysis Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Progression Stage T1 p53

Biomarkers Tumor/*blood/*genetics Humans MicroRNAs/*blood/*genetics Neoplasm Invasiveness Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/*genetics/pathology

Biomarkers Tumor/genetics DNA Methylation Epigenesis Genetic *Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic Humans Prognosis Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics Chromatin remodeling Methylation Non-coding RNA Progression Recurrence Urothelial carcinoma

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Biomarkers Tumor/*metabolism Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/*metabolism *Down-Regulation Female Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic Humans Lymphatic Metastasis Male Middle Aged Prognosis Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism/mortality/*pathology