*Carcinoma Renal Cell/surgery *Carcinoma Transitional Cell Humans *Kidney Neoplasms/surgery Nutritional Status Prognosis Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms *Urinary Tract

Humans *Laser Therapy/adverse effects Outpatients *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/surgery Urologic Surgical Procedures *Ablation *Bladder cancer *Fulguration *Laser *Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer *Outpatient

Cystectomy/*methods Electrosurgery/*methods Humans Neoplasm Invasiveness Treatment Outcome Urethra Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery Bipolar Meta-analysis Monopolar Transurethral bladder tumor resection

Humans Palliative Care Prospective Studies Quality of Life Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy Radiotherapy bladder cancer bleeding palliation

Case-Control Studies Diet/adverse effects *Diet Mediterranean Humans Incidence Rare Diseases Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology Bladder Cancer Dietary Inflammatory Index Mediterranean Diet Meta-analysis Western Diet

Cystectomy/methods *Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Humans Length of Stay Meta-Analysis as Topic Postoperative Complications/surgery *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery

Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/prevention & control Network Meta-Analysis *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology Bladder cancer Intermediate risk Intravesical therapy Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Cystectomy Humans Lasers Neoplasm Recurrence Local/surgery *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy/surgery Urologic Surgical Procedures Bladder cancer Laser surgery Transurethral resection

Cystoscopy Fluorescence Recurrence rate Recurrence-free survival Urinary bladder neoplasms

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors Carcinoma/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Clinical Decision-Making Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Patient Selection Progression-Free Survival Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Urothelium/*drug effects/immunology/pathology Immune-checkpoint inhibitor Meta-analysis Programmed death-ligand 1 Urothelial carcinoma interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors certify that all conflicts of interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the article are listed as follows: Shahrokh Shariat owns or co-owns the following patents: methods to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer. Granted 2002-09-06. Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer. Granted 2003-06-19. Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease. Granted 2004-08-05. Soluble Fas: urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Granted 2010-07-20. He has a consulting or advisory role for the following: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Jansen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen and Wolff. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Adult Carotenoids Female Humans Lutein Male *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control Zeaxanthins beta Carotene bladder cancer blood diet lycopene zeaxanthin α-carotene β-carotene β-cryptoxanthin

Aged Aged 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*therapy Rhabdomyosarcoma/mortality/*therapy Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/*therapy Adult Bladder Rhabdomyosarcoma

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology Disease-Free Survival Humans *Neoplasm Staging Prognosis Urinary Bladder/*pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*pathology Bladder urothelial carcinoma Meta-analysis Squamous differentiation

Combined Modality Therapy Humans Light Narrow Band Imaging *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/surgery cystoscopy recurrence urinary bladder neoplasms

Animals *Cheese Cohort Studies Dairy Products Diet Humans Milk Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology Yogurt

Case-Control Studies Humans Male NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/*genetics Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics NQO1 gene meta-analysis polymorphism prostatic neoplasms urinary bladder neoplasms

Humans Neoplasm Staging Retrospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Ultrasonography *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging

Animals Body Mass Index Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Dairy Products/*statistics & numerical data Diet/methods Educational Status Feeding Behavior Female Humans Male Milk/*statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Smoking/epidemiology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell/surgery Cystectomy/adverse effects Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery

Adult Female *Hormones/adverse effects Humans Menopause Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Reproductive History Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology Bladder cancer Health Study Nurses’ females hormones reproductive factors