Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects Female Humans Male Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*etiology Alcohol consumption Bladder cancer Cancer risk

Carcinogens Environmental/adverse effects Gene-Environment Interaction Humans Incidence Occupational Exposure/adverse effects Prevalence Risk Assessment Risk Factors Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*epidemiology/genetics/mortality Bladder Cancer Epidemiology Urothelial

Cisplatin/*therapeutic use Female Humans Male Neoadjuvant Therapy/*methods Urinary Bladder/drug effects/pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology

Chemoradiotherapy/*methods Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy/*adverse effects/methods Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Metastasis Robotic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects/methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*therapy Bladder cancer Cystectomy Multi-modality treatment Port-site metastasis Rare complications

Cystectomy/*adverse effects/methods Humans Male Sexual Health/*standards Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*complications/pathology Cystectomy Erectile dysfunction Urinary bladder neoplasms Urinary incontinence

Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology Cohort Studies Humans Hypoglycemic Agents/*adverse effects/pharmacology Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*etiology/pathology Pioglitazone Prevalence Risk Thiazolidinediones/*adverse effects/pharmacology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology Bladder cancer Cardiovascular disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Asian People/genetics Biomarkers Tumor/*blood/urine Cystoscopy/adverse effects Humans MicroRNAs/*blood Neoplasm Staging Nuclear Proteins/urine Odds Ratio ROC Curve Regression Analysis Sensitivity and Specificity Urinalysis/methods Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*blood/diagnosis/*genetics/urine Bladder cancer Diagnosis Meta-analysis miRNA authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Cystectomy/*adverse effects Diurnal Enuresis/etiology Female Humans Nocturnal Enuresis/etiology *Quality of Life Sexual Dysfunction Physiological/*etiology/physiopathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Urinary Diversion/adverse effects Urinary Incontinence/*etiology Cystectomy Functional outcomes Gender disparities Outcomes assessment Urinary bladder neoplasms

Adjuvants Immunologic/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects BCG Vaccine Carcinoma in Situ/mortality/pathology/*therapy Combined Modality Therapy/adverse effects/methods Disease Progression Drug Administration Schedule Humans Interferon-alpha/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Neoplasm Recurrence Local Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Withholding Treatment/statistics & numerical data

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Asymptomatic Diseases BCG Vaccine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Bacteriuria/*complications/diagnosis Humans Immunotherapy/adverse effects/*methods Neoplasm Invasiveness Risk Assessment Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Bacteriuria Bladder cancer Intravesical instillation

Arylsulfotransferase/*genetics Case-Control Studies Genetic Association Studies Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Humans NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/*genetics Odds Ratio *Polymorphism Genetic Risk Factors Smoking/*adverse effects Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/enzymology/*genetics Nqo1 Sult1a1 meta-analysis polymorphisms smoking urinary bladder neoplasms

Administration Intravesical Antibiotics Antineoplastic/*administration & dosage BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage Carcinoma in Situ/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology Disease Progression Electrochemotherapy/adverse effects/*methods Humans Mitomycin/*administration & dosage Neoplasm Recurrence Local Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology

Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology Dose-Response Relationship Drug Humans Hypoglycemic Agents/*adverse effects Linear Models Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Pioglitazone Risk Assessment Risk Factors Thiazolidinediones/*adverse effects Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology

Animals Cattle Diet/*adverse effects *Evidence-Based Medicine Food Preserved/*adverse effects Humans Incidence Meat/*adverse effects Meat Products/*adverse effects Reproducibility of Results Risk Factors Sheep Domestic Sus scrofa Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology Bladder cancer Dose–response Meta-analysis Processed meat Red meat

Age Factors Aged Aged 80 and over Clinical Decision-Making *Cystectomy/adverse effects/mortality Disease-Free Survival Female Geriatric Assessment Humans Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Invasiveness Odds Ratio Patient Selection Quality of Life Radiotherapy/adverse effects/mortality Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Complications Elderly Mibc Outcome

Adjuvants Immunologic/administration & dosage Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use BCG Vaccine/*administration & dosage Bayes Theorem Disease Progression Humans Immunotherapy/*methods Incidence Neoplasm Recurrence Local/drug therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin efficacy maintenance non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer side effects

Administration Intravesical Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*administration & dosage/adverse effects BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage Bayes Theorem Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives Disease Progression Epirubicin/administration & dosage Female Humans Isoniazid/administration & dosage Male Middle Aged Mitomycin/administration & dosage Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local Odds Ratio Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology Gemcitabine efficacy and safety intravesical therapy non-muscle invasive bladder cancer tumor progression tumor recurrence

Aged Blood Loss Surgical Cystectomy/*adverse effects/*methods Female Humans Length of Stay Male Middle Aged Operative Time Postoperative Complications/etiology Quality of Life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Robotic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects/*methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder/*surgery Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery Urinary Diversion/*adverse effects/*methods

Carcinogenesis Carcinoma Renal Cell/*epidemiology/mortality Humans Kidney Neoplasms/*epidemiology/mortality Tobacco Smoking/*adverse effects Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology/mortality Bladder cancer Kidney cancer Tobacco smoking

Diet Exercise Female Humans Male Meta-Analysis as Topic Occupational Exposure/adverse effects Occupations Risk Factors Smoking/adverse effects Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*etiology/prevention & control Bladder cancer Lifestyle Obesity Occupation Prevention Smoking