Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*drug therapy/pathology Clinical Trials Phase II as Topic Clinical Trials Phase III as Topic Humans Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasm Staging Practice Guidelines as Topic Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology Immune checkpoint inhibitors Platinum-based chemotherapy Survival outcomes Treatment guidelines Urothelial carcinoma funded this work. MK PK and SD are employees of Evidera.

Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use Biomarkers Tumor/*blood Humans Male Neoadjuvant Therapy/*methods Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/blood/drug therapy/*pathology Biomarkers Bladder cancer Nac Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Systematic review Ucb

Crohn's disease bladder cancer inflammatory bowel diseases meta-analysis ulcerative colitis commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Biomarkers Tumor/*metabolism Estrogen Receptor alpha/*metabolism Estrogen Receptor beta/*metabolism GATA3 Transcription Factor/*metabolism Humans Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis/*metabolism Gata3 bladder cancer estrogen receptors immunohistochemistry tumour markers commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Biomarkers Tumor/*urine Humans Ribonuclease Pancreatic/*urine Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*diagnosis/urine

Chemotherapy Adjuvant Humans Liquid Biopsy Muscles Neoplasm Invasiveness Prospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy Cell-free DNA Circulating tumor cells Liquid biopsies Muscle-invasive bladder cancer Perioperative therapy

Administration Intravesical *Aneurysm Infected/therapy Aorta Humans *Mycobacterium bovis *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy

Animals Biological Availability Clinical Trials as Topic Flavonoids/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Flavonols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Humans Inhibitory Concentration 50 Kaempferols/pharmacology/*therapeutic use Male Models Animal Prostatic Neoplasms/*drug therapy Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy bladder cancer fisetin kaempferol myricetin prostate cancer

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*mortality/*pathology Humans Survival Rate Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*mortality/*pathology carcinoma histology pathology survival transitional cell urinary bladder neoplasms

Carcinogenesis/genetics/*immunology/pathology *Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Inflammation/genetics/*immunology/pathology *Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Receptors Interleukin/*genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology/pathology Bladder urothelial carcinoma Gene polymorphism Interleukin 17 Interleukin 23 Interleukin-23 receptor Natural killers Tumour-associated macrophages

5-aminolaevulinic acid cystectomy cystoscopy hexylaminolaevulinate narrow-band imaging photodynamic diagnosis commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Disease-Free Survival *Dose Fractionation Radiation Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/epidemiology/pathology/*radiotherapy Radiation Dose Hypofractionation/*standards Risk Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology/*radiotherapy

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/mortality/surgery Cystectomy Disease-Free Survival Humans Nephroureterectomy Prognosis *Sex Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*mortality/*surgery Urologic Neoplasms/*mortality/*surgery carcinoma meta-analysis review [publication type] transitional cell urinary bladder neoplasms

Administration Intravesical Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects Clinical Trials as Topic Disease Progression Humans Neoplasm Metastasis *Neoplasm Recurrence Local Network Meta-Analysis Progression-Free Survival Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology

*Clinical Protocols *Cystectomy/methods *Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Humans Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Cystectomy Eras Fast track Meta-analysis Protocol Systematic review evidence-based medicine

Bladder cancer complications cystectomy frailty mortality organisation regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.

external thermal field thermotherapy hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy meta-analysis non-muscle invasive bladder cancer normal temperature intravesical chemotherapy thermal intravesical chemotherapy

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*classification/*genetics/mortality Humans Predictive Value of Tests Survival Rate Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/mortality Bladder cancer Molecular classification Molecular subtype Prognosis Progression Urothelial carcinoma

Biomarkers Tumor/*analysis Carcinoma Transitional Cell/*chemistry/*drug therapy Humans Neoadjuvant Therapy Prognosis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*chemistry/*drug therapy Biomarkers Nac Neoadjuvant systemic therapy Ucb bladder cancer systematic review

Endoscopic bladder cancer follow-up surveillance form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tau-20-1363). The series “Expectant Management in Genitourinary Malignancies (Prostate Bladder Kidney)” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.