Case-Control Studies *Drinking Water Humans Nitrates/adverse effects/analysis Odds Ratio Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemically induced/epidemiology Bladder cancer Drinking water Meta-analysis Nitrate

Blood Loss Surgical/statistics & numerical data Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data Cystectomy/*methods Female Humans Male Neoplasm Invasiveness Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology Robotic Surgical Procedures/*methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery Urinary Diversion/adverse effects/*methods Ecud Extracorporeal urinary diversion Icud Intracorporeal urinary diversion Rarc

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods Muscles Sensitivity and Specificity Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging/pathology *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System multiparametric magnetic resonance imagine muscle-invasive bladder cancer staging urothelial carcinoma

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell Cystectomy/adverse effects Humans Morbidity Smoking/adverse effects *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/surgery Complication Infection Outcome Perioperative mortality Radical cystectomy Smoking exposure Urothelial bladder cancer

Female Humans Male *Patient Reported Outcome Measures Quality of Life/psychology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology Early bladder cancer Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Patient-reported outcomes Quality of life Systematic review

bladder cancer incidence meta-analyses metformin treatment outcome commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Cystectomy/*methods Electrosurgery/*methods Humans Neoplasm Invasiveness Treatment Outcome Urethra Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery Bipolar Meta-analysis Monopolar Transurethral bladder tumor resection

Case-Control Studies Diet/adverse effects *Diet Mediterranean Humans Incidence Rare Diseases Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology Bladder Cancer Dietary Inflammatory Index Mediterranean Diet Meta-analysis Western Diet

en bloc resection high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer reresection systematic review and meta-analysis commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Administration Intravesical BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/prevention & control Network Meta-Analysis *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology Bladder cancer Intermediate risk Intravesical therapy Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Cystoscopy Fluorescence Recurrence rate Recurrence-free survival Urinary bladder neoplasms

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/*therapeutic use B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors Carcinoma/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Clinical Decision-Making Female Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Patient Selection Progression-Free Survival Time Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality/pathology Urothelium/*drug effects/immunology/pathology Immune-checkpoint inhibitor Meta-analysis Programmed death-ligand 1 Urothelial carcinoma interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors certify that all conflicts of interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the article are listed as follows: Shahrokh Shariat owns or co-owns the following patents: methods to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer. Granted 2002-09-06. Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer. Granted 2003-06-19. Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease. Granted 2004-08-05. Soluble Fas: urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Granted 2010-07-20. He has a consulting or advisory role for the following: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Jansen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen and Wolff. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Aged Aged 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Recurrence Local/*therapy Rhabdomyosarcoma/mortality/*therapy Survival Analysis Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/*therapy Adult Bladder Rhabdomyosarcoma

Her2 bladder cancer clinical significance meta-analysis prognostic value commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Animals *Cheese Cohort Studies Dairy Products Diet Humans Milk Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology Yogurt

Case-Control Studies Humans Male NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/*genetics Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics NQO1 gene meta-analysis polymorphism prostatic neoplasms urinary bladder neoplasms

Animals Body Mass Index Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Dairy Products/*statistics & numerical data Diet/methods Educational Status Feeding Behavior Female Humans Male Milk/*statistics & numerical data Risk Factors Smoking/epidemiology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*epidemiology

alcohol bladder cancer dose-response meta-analysis systematic review commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Adult Female *Hormones/adverse effects Humans Menopause Middle Aged Prospective Studies *Reproductive History Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology Bladder cancer Health Study Nurses’ females hormones reproductive factors

Bcg Bladder cancer Covid-19 Coronavirus