*Carcinoma Renal Cell/complications/epidemiology *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/complications/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Hematuria/epidemiology/etiology Humans Incidence *Kidney Neoplasms/complications/epidemiology Male Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications/epidemiology Age distribution Cystoscopy Haematuria Kidney neoplasms Radiotherapy Sex Smoking Transitional cell carcinoma Urinary bladder neoplasms Urological neoplasms

Humans *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/radiotherapy/surgery/drug therapy *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Radiotherapy Adjuvant Retrospective Studies Prospective Studies Neoplasm Recurrence Local adjuvant radiotherapy external beam genitourinary locoregional control meta-analysis proximal ureter renal pelvis survival systematic review upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Cystectomy France Humans Lymphatic Irradiation Palliative Care Patient Positioning Radiation Oncology Radiotherapy Dosage Radiotherapy Adjuvant Radiotherapy Conformal Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/*radiotherapy/surgery Bladder cancer Cancers de la vessie Chemoradiation Chimioradiothérapie French society for radiation oncology Guidelines Radiation therapy Radiothérapie Recommandations Société française de radiothérapie oncologique

Humans *Cystectomy/methods *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy/surgery Urinary Bladder Radiotherapy Adjuvant/methods Prospective Studies Margins of Excision

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/radiotherapy Humans *Kidney Neoplasms Kidney Pelvis/pathology Prognosis *Ureteral Neoplasms/pathology *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Adjuvant radiotherapy Prognostic Radiotherapy Survival Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

Humans Palliative Care Prospective Studies Quality of Life Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy Radiotherapy bladder cancer bleeding palliation

Cystectomy Humans Lasers Neoplasm Recurrence Local/surgery *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy/surgery Urologic Surgical Procedures Bladder cancer Laser surgery Transurethral resection

Disease-Free Survival *Dose Fractionation Radiation Humans Neoplasm Recurrence Local/epidemiology/pathology/*radiotherapy Radiation Dose Hypofractionation/*standards Risk Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology/*radiotherapy

Aged *Brachytherapy Combined Modality Therapy Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Recurrence Local *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/radiotherapy external beam radiotherapy interstitial brachytherapy muscle-invasive bladder cancer organ preservation

Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery *Cystectomy Humans Neoplasm Invasiveness *Radiotherapy Adjuvant Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery Cystectomie Cystectomy Local recurrence Muscle-invasive bladder cancer Prognosis Pronostic Radiotherapy Radiothérapie Récidive locale Tumeur de vessie infiltrant le muscle

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Female Humans Male Middle Aged Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*radiotherapy Bladder neoplasm Bladder preservation Cis Chemoradiotherapy Radiotherapy T1 Bladder cancer

Female Humans Male Prospective Studies *Quality of Life Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/*psychology/radiotherapy Bladder cancer Chemotherapy Muscle-invasive bladder cancer Quality of life Urothelial cancer PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

prostate cancer radiation radical prostatectomy radiotherapy secondary bladder cancer

adaptive radiotherapy bladder cancer

Chemoradiotherapy Adjuvant Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy/*methods Disease-Free Survival Humans Muscles/pathology Neoadjuvant Therapy Neoplasm Invasiveness Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*therapy Bladder cancer Radical cystectomy Trimodal therapy

Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology/*therapy Chemotherapy Adjuvant Cystectomy Cystoscopy Humans Lymph Node Excision Muscle Smooth/*pathology *Neoadjuvant Therapy Neoplasm Invasiveness *Organ Sparing Treatments Progression-Free Survival Proportional Hazards Models *Radiotherapy Adjuvant Survival Rate Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/*therapy Bladder preserving Cancer Muscle invasive Radical cystectomy Trimodal

Chemoradiotherapy/*methods Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy/*adverse effects/methods Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Metastasis Robotic Surgical Procedures/*adverse effects/methods Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*therapy Bladder cancer Cystectomy Multi-modality treatment Port-site metastasis Rare complications

Aged Aged 80 and over Chemoradiotherapy/*mortality/*statistics & numerical data Combined Modality Therapy Cystectomy/*mortality/*statistics & numerical data Disease-Free Survival Female Humans Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Invasiveness Postoperative Complications/mortality/prevention & control Prevalence Radiation Injuries/mortality/prevention & control Risk Factors Survival Rate Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*mortality/*therapy

Aged Catheterization Chemotherapy Adjuvant Feasibility Studies Female Humans *Laser Therapy Length of Stay Male Middle Aged Operative Time Postoperative Complications/etiology Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery Bladder tumor Laser enucleation of bladder tumor Meta-analysis Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)

Age Factors Aged Aged 80 and over Clinical Decision-Making *Cystectomy/adverse effects/mortality Disease-Free Survival Female Geriatric Assessment Humans Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Invasiveness Odds Ratio Patient Selection Quality of Life Radiotherapy/adverse effects/mortality Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*therapy Complications Elderly Mibc Outcome