5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology Blood Loss Surgical/*prevention & control Blood Transfusion Dutasteride/*pharmacology Hemoglobins/analysis Humans Male Microcirculation Prospective Studies Prostate Prostatic Hyperplasia Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Retrospective Studies *Transurethral Resection of Prostate Treatment Outcome Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism Benign prostatic hyperplasia Dutasteride Intraoperative blood loss Meta-analysis Transurethral resection of the prostate

Humans *Carcinoma Transitional Cell *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology Retrospective Studies BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use Administration Intravesical Adjuvants Immunologic *Organ Transplantation Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Recurrence Local/pathology Bcg Bladder cancer Chemotherapy Mitomycin Transplanted patients

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell Humans Prognosis Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery *Urinary Tract

Antibodies Monoclonal Humanized/*therapeutic use *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/drug therapy Humans Prognosis Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy Metastatic urothelial carcinoma Pembrolizumab Prognostic factor Janssen and Pfizer. Takahiro Kimura is a paid consultant/advisor of Astellas Bayer Janssen and Sanofi. Shahrokh F. Shariat is a paid as follows: Honoraria: Astellas AstraZeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Janssen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Richard Wolf Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen. Consulting or Advisory Role: Astellas AstraZeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Janssen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Richard Wolf Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen. Speakers Bureau: Astellas Astra Zeneca Bayer BMS Cepheid Ferring Ipsen Janssen Lilly MSD Olympus Pfizer Pierre Fabre Richard Wolf Roche Sanochemia Sanofi Takeda Urogen Movember Foundation. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.

*Carcinoma Renal Cell/complications/epidemiology *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/complications/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Hematuria/epidemiology/etiology Humans Incidence *Kidney Neoplasms/complications/epidemiology Male Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Risk Factors *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications/epidemiology Age distribution Cystoscopy Haematuria Kidney neoplasms Radiotherapy Sex Smoking Transitional cell carcinoma Urinary bladder neoplasms Urological neoplasms

Humans *Carcinoma Renal Cell/surgery Prognosis Nutritional Status *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/surgery *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Nephrectomy *Kidney Neoplasms/surgery Retrospective Studies Controlling Nutritional Status score Renal cell carcinoma Upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Humans *Carcinoma Transitional Cell/radiotherapy/surgery/drug therapy *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Radiotherapy Adjuvant Retrospective Studies Prospective Studies Neoplasm Recurrence Local adjuvant radiotherapy external beam genitourinary locoregional control meta-analysis proximal ureter renal pelvis survival systematic review upper tract urothelial carcinoma

*Cystectomy/adverse effects Humans Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies *Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects *Robotics Treatment Outcome *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery Bladder cancer Intracorporeal Meta-analysis Radical cystectomy Robot-assisted

Humans Male *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Reproducibility of Results ROC Curve Image Interpretation Computer-Assisted Muscles Magnetic Resonance Imaging Retrospective Studies Bladder cancer Inter-reader agreement Meta-analysis Reliability Vi-rads

*Carcinoma Transitional Cell/pathology Humans Prognosis Retrospective Studies *Ureteral Neoplasms *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms *Urologic Neoplasms/pathology Carcinoma Transitional Cell Pathology

Data Systems Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods *Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Muscles Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Neoplasm grading Radiographic image enhancement Urinary bladder neoplasms Urologic surgical procedures

*Carcinoma Renal Cell/surgery *Carcinoma Transitional Cell Humans *Kidney Neoplasms/surgery Nutritional Status Prognosis Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms *Urinary Tract

Humans Palliative Care Prospective Studies Quality of Life Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy Radiotherapy bladder cancer bleeding palliation

Humans Neoplasm Staging Retrospective Studies Sensitivity and Specificity Ultrasonography *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging

*Cystectomy/adverse effects Humans Morbidity Postoperative Complications/epidemiology Retrospective Studies *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery bladder disorders surgery urological tumours

Aged Biomarkers/*blood C-Reactive Protein/analysis Cystectomy/*methods Female Humans Leukocyte Count Lymphocytes/pathology Male Middle Aged Neutrophils/pathology Platelet Count Preoperative Period Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/blood/*mortality/*surgery Hematologic biomarker Meta-analysis Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Humans Quality of Life Retrospective Studies *Sarcopenia/epidemiology/etiology *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications/epidemiology Bladder cancer Prevalence Sarcopenia Systematic review

Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Cystectomy/methods/mortality Female Humans Hydronephrosis/*physiopathology/surgery Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging Prognosis Proportional Hazards Models Retrospective Studies Urinary Bladder/pathology Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*complications/*pathology

Cystectomy/*methods Humans Length of Stay Postoperative Care/*methods Postoperative Complications/*epidemiology Prospective Studies Recovery of Function Retrospective Studies Standard of Care Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/rehabilitation/*surgery bladder cancer enhanced recovery after surgery meta-analysis postoperative rehabilitation radical cystectomy

Cystectomy Humans Procedures and Techniques Utilization/*statistics & numerical data Prospective Studies Retrospective Studies Risk Assessment Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*surgery Predictors Radical cystectomy Use Utilization interest including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg employment/affiliation grants or funding consultancies honoraria stock ownership or options expert testimony royalties or patents filed received or pending) are the following: None.